Bayanin gabaɗaya
Cutar kwayar cuta da ke haifar da sankarau na kwakwalwa, epiglotitis da guba a cikin yara. Allurar rigakafi ta yau da kullum tana da tasiri sosai.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Cutar Hib tana nufin munanan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu shiga jiki waɗanda Haemophilus influenzae nau'in b ke haifarwa, kuma tana shafar yara ƙanana masu ƙasa da shekara 5 musamman. Ana iya hana ta yadda ya kamata ta hanyar allurar rigakafin Hib mai haɗin gwiwa, wadda take ɓangare na jadawalin rigakafin yara na yau da kullum.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Kafin fara yin allurar rigakafi, Hib ita ce babbar sanadin cutar sankarau ta ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara masu ƙasa da shekara 5. Ƙwayar cutar tana yaɗuwa ta hanyar ɗigon numfashi daga mutum zuwa mutum.
Cutar Hib mai shiga jiki ta haɗa da sankarau, kumburin epiglottis (kumburin hanyar numfashi mai barazana ga rai), ciwon huhu, kumburin haɗin gwiwa na septic, da kumburi na fata. Allurar rigakafin yara ta yau da kullum ta rage yawan cutar Hib mai shiga jiki da fiye da kashi 99% a ƙasashen da ke da babban matakin allurar rigakafi.
Alamomin gaggawa
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alamomin sankarau: tsananin ciwon kai, taurin wuya, kumburin finfin kai a cikin jarirai, farfaɗiya, sauyin hankali
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alamomin kumburin epiglottis: yawan miyau, rashin iya haɗiya, numfashi mai hayaniya (stridor), zauna a matsayin tripod, saurin tabarbarewa
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alamomin sepsis: zazzaɓi mai tsanani, numfashi mai sauri, fatar da ke da alamu, rashin ƙarfi, rashin sha da kyau a cikin jarirai
Cikakkun alamomi
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Alamomin sun dogara da wurin da cutar ta kama.
Sankarau: Zazzaɓi, ciwon kai, taurin wuya, rashin jure haske, sauyin hankali. A cikin jarirai: kumburin finfin kai, fushi, rashin sha da kyau.
Kumburin epiglottis: Zazzaɓi mai tsanani na kwatsam, tsananin ciwon makogwaro, yawan miyau, wahalar haɗiya, numfashi mai hayaniya (stridor), zauna a sunkuye gaba.
Ciwon huhu: Zazzaɓi, tari, numfashi mai sauri ko wahala.
Kumburin haɗin gwiwa na septic: Ciwon haɗin gwiwa, kumburi, iyakancin motsi, zazzaɓi.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Tafiyar cuta
Farawa mai sauri tare da lokacin shigar cuta na kwanaki 2–4. Sankarau yana ci gaba cikin sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki. Kumburin epiglottis na iya toshe hanyar numfashi cikin sa'o'i kuma gaggawar likita ne. Waraka yawanci yana ɗaukar makonni 1–2 tare da magani mai dacewa, ko da yake waraka daga sankarau na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo tare da yiwuwar matsaloli na dogon lokaci.
Binciken cuta
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Ana gano cutar ne bisa alamomin asibiti kuma ana tabbatar da ita ta hanyar gwajin jini da nazarin ruwan ƙwaƙwalwa (ga sankarau). Gwaje-gwajen ganowa cikin gaggawa da gwajin kwayoyin halitta (PCR) suna samuwa. Hotunan na iya haɗawa da X-ray na ƙirji ga ciwon huhu ko X-ray na gefe na wuya idan ana zargin kumburin epiglottis. Kada a duba makogwaro kai tsaye idan ana zargin kumburin epiglottis — wannan na iya haifar da cikakkiyar toshewa ta hanyar numfashi.
Magani
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Cutar Hib mai shiga jiki tana buƙatar magani a asibiti da alluran rigakafi ta jijiya (yawanci cephalosporins na tsara ta uku). Ga sankarau, ana iya ba da magungunan rage kumburi tare da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don rage haɗarin rasa ji. Kumburin epiglottis yana buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa na hanyar numfashi. Kulawa na goyon baya ya haɗa da ruwa, sa ido, da kula da rikitarwa. Ku nemi kulawar likita na gaggawa ko da yaushe idan ana zargin cutar Hib mai shiga jiki.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Cikakkun bayanin rigakafi
Yadda za ka kare kanka
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allurar rigakafin Hib mai haɗin gwiwa ta yau da kullum ita ce mafi kyawun rigakafi (jerin farko a watanni 2, 4, 6 tare da ƙarfafawa a watanni 12–15)
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rigakafin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta (rifampin) ga waɗanda ke kusa da shari'o'in cutar Hib mai shiga jiki a gida
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kiyaye babban matakin rigakafin jama'a don ci gaba da kariyar garke
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kyakkyawan tsabtar numfashi da wanke hannu
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Shawarar tafiya
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tabbatar cewa allurar rigakafin Hib na yara tana da inganci kafin kowane tafiya
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haɗarin na iya zama mafi girma a ƙasashen da ba su da shirye-shiryen rigakafin Hib na yau da kullum
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allurar rigakafin Hib ba ta musamman ce ta tafiya ba — ɓangare ne na jadawalin rigakafin yara na yau da kullum
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manya masu asplenia ko raunin garkuwar jiki ya kamata su tabbatar da yanayin rigakafin Hib tare da likita kafin tafiya
Yaya yawancinta?
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
A tarihi, cutar Hib mai shiga jiki ta kasance barazana ga yara ƙanana a duniya, amma yanzu ba ta da yawa a ƙasashen da ke da allurar rigakafin Hib ta yau da kullum. Har yanzu tana da muhimmanci a matsayin sanadin sankarau da ciwon huhu a cikin yara a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da ba su da babban matakin allurar rigakafi. Kololuwar cutar tana faruwa tsakanin watanni 6 zuwa 18 na haihuwa. An kiyasta cewa kusan shari'o'in cutar Hib mai tsanani 200,000 suna faruwa a kowace shekara a cikin al'ummomin da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi a duniya ba.
Dalilan haɗari
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
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shekaru ƙasa da 5 (musamman watanni 6–18)
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yara da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba ko waɗanda ba su gama ba
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rashin aiki na saifa (asplenia)
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yanayin raunin garkuwar jiki
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yanayin zama na cunkoson jama'a
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halartar makarantar yara (ƙara fallasa)
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cutar sickle cell
Cikakkun bayanan matsaloli
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Waɗanda suka tsira daga sankarau na iya samun rasa ji (15–30%), nakasa ta hankali, cututtukan farfaɗiya, ko hydrocephalus. Kumburin epiglottis na iya haifar da cikakkiyar toshewa ta hanyar numfashi, wanda yake kashe da sauri ba tare da sa baki ba. Sepsis na iya haifar da girgiza da gazawar gaɓoɓin jiki da yawa. Kumburin haɗin gwiwa na septic na iya haifar da lalacewar haɗin gwiwa. Matsalolin jijiya na dogon lokaci su ne mafi mahimmancin damuwa ga waɗanda suka tsira daga sankarau.
Murmurewa da hasashe
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Sankarau na Hib yana da adadin mace-mace na 3–6% tare da magani kuma yana haifar da matsalolin jijiya a cikin 15–30% na waɗanda suka tsira. Kumburin epiglottis yana da ƙasa da 1% mace-mace tare da kyakkyawan kula da hanyar numfashi. Gaba ɗaya cutar Hib mai shiga jiki tana da kusan 5% mace-mace. Hasashen yana da kyau idan an gano shi cikin sauri kuma an yi magani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa.