Allurar Rigakafi na Tafiya
Bincika allurar rigakafi na tafiya. Bayani game da jadawalin allura, illolin gefe, da shawarwari.
Allurar rigakafi ita ce daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri wajen kare kanka yayin tafiya. Bincika bayananmu na allurar rigakafi tare da jadawalin da WHO ta tabbatar.
Sakamako: 46
Adenovirus Nau’in 4 da 7
Allurar Agana
Tana kare kai daga cutar agana da ƙwayar cutar Variola ke haifarwa. An kawar da cutar a duniya a shekarar 1980, amma ana kiyaye allurar don shirye-shiryen yaƙi da bioterrorism.
Allurar Ciwon Kwakwalwa da Kaska ke Haifarwa
Tana kare kai daga ciwon kwakwalwa da kaska ke haifarwa, kamuwar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar cizon kaska a yankunan daji na Tsakiyar da Arewacin Turai, Rasha, da Gabashin Asiya.
Allurar Cutar Zazzabin Rawaya
Alurar rigakafin zazzabin rawaya (Yellow Fever) alura ce mai rai wacce aka yi ta hanyar amfani da kwayar cutar da aka raunata (live attenuated virus, strain 17D). An fara amfani da wannan alura tun shekarar 1937 kuma tana cikin jerin alurar da suka fi samuwa a tarihin likitanci. A Nijeriya, zazzabin rawaya cuta ce mai yaduwa sosai musamman a yankunan dajin da ke kudu da arewacin kasar. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta yi kiyasin cewa kusan mutane 200,000 ke kamuwa da cutar a kowace shekara a d
Allurar Ebola (rVSV-ZEBOV)
Allurar rigakafi mai rai da aka raunana don kare kai daga cutar kwayar cutar Ebola, zazzabin zubar jini mai tsanani da ake kamuwa ta hanyar hulɗa da ruwan jikin mai cutar. Ana amfani da ita yayin barkewar annoba a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka.
Allurar Haukan Kare
Cutar ƙwayar cuta mai kisa wadda ake kamuwa ta hanyar cizon dabbobi, musamman karnuka, jemagu, da namun daji. Allurar rigakafi tana ba da kariya kafin hulɗa da cutar.
Allurar Hepatitis A
Kamuwar hanta da kwayar cutar hepatitis A ke haifarwa, wadda ake kamuwa ta hanyar abinci da ruwan sha da suka gurɓata. Allurai biyu suna ba da kariya na dogon lokaci.
Allurar Hepatitis B
Kamuwar hanta mai tsanani da kwayar cutar hepatitis B ke haifarwa, wadda ake kamuwa ta hanyar jini da ruwan jiki. Tana iya haifar da ciwon hanta na yau da kullun, cirrhosis, da kansar hanta.
Allurar HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Tana kare kai daga nau'o'in HPV da ke haifar da kansar mahaifa, sauran cututtuka na daji, da ƙuraje na al'aura. Allurar tara-nau'i tana rufe nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta 9.
Allurar Meningococcal B
Tana kare kai daga kamuwar meningococcal ta serogroup B, wadda ke haifar da sankarau da gubar jini. Allurar tana haifar da kariya ga sinadaran membrane na waje na ƙwayar cutar.
Allurar Pneumococcal (PCV13)
Tana kare kai daga nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta 13 na pneumococcal da ke haifar da ciwon huhu, sankarau, da kamuwar jini.
Allurar Pneumococcal (PPSV23)
Tana kare kai daga nau'o'in ƙwayoyin cuta 23 na pneumococcal; ana ba da shawarar yin ta ga tsofaffi da masu cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Allurar Rigakafin Chikungunya
Alurar rigakafin cutar Chikungunya (Ixchiq® — VLA1553) sabuwar alura ce mai rai da aka raunata wacce FDA ta Amurka ta amince da ita a shekarar 2023. Cutar Chikungunya tana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro na Aedes (aegypti da albopictus), kuma tana haifar da zazzabi mai tsanani da ciwon gidauniyoyi wanda zai iya dawwama watanni ko shekaru. A Nijeriya, cutar Chikungunya tana yaduwa — an samu barkewar cutar a jihohi da yawa. NCDC na sa ido kan cutar amma ba a da cikakken bayani game da yawanta saboda
Allurar Rigakafin Haɗin Hanta A+B
Alurar rigakafin Hepatitis A da B ta hadin gwiwa (Twinrix®) alura ce da ke ba da kariya daga cututtukan hanta guda biyu — Hepatitis A da Hepatitis B — a allura guda daya maimakon allura biyu daban-daban. Wannan ya sa jadawalin ya fi sauki da sauƙi. A Nijeriya, duka Hepatitis A da B suna yaduwa sosai. Hepatitis B musamman babbar matsala ce — Nijeriya tana cikin kasashen da suka fi fama da cutar a duniya. Hepatitis A ma ta yadu musamman a yankunan da ba su da isassun kayan tsafta. Twinrix® na da
Allurar Rigakafin Mpox
Alurar rigakafin cutar Mpox (tsohon suna: Monkeypox) — Jynneos®/Imvanex® — alura ce da aka yi da kwayar cutar Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) wacce ba ta iya hayayyafa a jikin mutum. Cutar Mpox tana haifar da zazzabi, kumburin kwayar lymph, da hawan fata mai gyambu. Nijeriya tana da muhimmancin tarihi game da cutar Mpox — barkewar clade IIb wacce ta bazu zuwa sauran duniya a 2022 ta fara ne a Nijeriya a shekarar 2017. NCDC na sa ido kan cutar Mpox a Nijeriya kuma na ruwaito shari'o'i akai-akai.
Allurar Rigakafin Shan Inna ta Baki (OPV)
Alurar rigakafin cutar Polio ta baki (Oral Polio Vaccine, OPV) magani ne mai rai da aka raunata wanda ake ba jarirai ta baki don kariya daga cutar Polio (shanye-shanye). OPV ita ce babbar kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da ita wajen yakin kawar da cutar Polio a duniya. A Nijeriya, OPV ita ce alurar Polio ta farko a jadawalin NPI. An yi amfani da ita wajen dubban yakin rigakafi da suka taimaka wajen kawar da Wild Poliovirus — Nijeriya da duk Afirka sun samu 'yanci daga Wild Poliovirus a shekarar 20
Allurar Rotavirus
Tana hana zawo mai tsanani da amai da kamuwar rotavirus ke haifarwa a cikin jarirai da ƙananan yara. Ana ba ta ta hanyar baki.
Allurar RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
Tana kare kai daga ƙwayar cutar RSV wadda ke haifar da cututtukan numfashi masu tsanani, musamman a cikin jarirai da tsofaffi. Babbar sanadin bronchiolitis a cikin yara.
Allurar Rubella
Tana kare kai daga rubella (kyanda na Jamusanci), kamuwar ƙwayar cuta wadda galibi ba ta da tsanani amma tana da matuƙar haɗari a lokacin daukar ciki, tana haifar da alamun rubella na haihuwa.
Allurar Tetanus da Diphtheria (Td)
Allurar ƙarfafawa don manya don kare su daga tetanus da diphtheria. Ana ba ta a matsayin ƙarfafawa na yau da kullun ko bayan raunuka.
Allurar Tetanus, Diphtheria, da Pertussis (Tdap)
Allurar ƙarfafawa don matasa da manya don kare su daga tetanus, diphtheria, da tari mai tsanani. Tana ɗauke da ƙarancin adadin abubuwan diphtheria da pertussis.
Allurar Zazzabin Q
Tana kare kai daga zazzabin Q da ƙwayar cutar Coxiella burnetii ke haifarwa, wadda ake kamuwa ta hanyar shakar iska mai gurbata daga dabbobin da suka kamu musamman shanu, tumaki, da awaki.
Allurar Zika
Allurar gwaji don yaƙi da ƙwayar cutar Zika da sauro ke yadawa. Kamuwa ga mata masu ciki yana haifar da ƙanƙantar kai da sauran lahani na jijiya a cikin tayin. A halin yanzu babu allurar da aka amince da ita.
Cholera
Ciwon hanci
Ciwon herpes
Ciwon ƙarfin tsoka
Alurar rigakafin cutar Polio ta allura (Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine, IPV) alura ce da aka yi da kwayar cutar Polio da aka kashe wacce ke ba da kariya daga nau'o'in kwayar cutar polio uku (types 1, 2, 3). IPV ba ta dauke da kwayar cutar mai rai ba — sabanin alurar ta baki (OPV). Nijeriya ta samu nasarar kawar da cutar Wild Poliovirus a shekarar 2020 — bayan shekaru na gwagwarmaya mai wahala. WHO ta tabbatar da cewa Nijeriya da kuma duk yankin Afirka sun samu 'yanci daga cutar Wild Poliovirus
Ciwon shanu
Cizon Hanci, Cizon Kunci, Rubella
Alurar MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) alura ce mai rai da aka raunata wacce ke ba da kariya daga cututtuka uku: kyanda (measles), mumps (ciwon kumburin kumatu), da rubella (cutar jan fata ta Jamus). A Nijeriya, jadawalin NPI na amfani da alurar Measles kadai (monovalent) a watanni 9, amma WHO na ba da shawarar kasashe su yi amfani da MMR don kara kariya. Kyanda har yanzu yana daga cikin babban abin da ke kashe yara a Nijeriya — NCDC na ruwaito barkewar kyanda akai-akai a jihohi daban-daban. Rube
Cizon ruwan sama
COVID-19
Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 na nau'in mRNA (Comirnaty® na Pfizer-BioNTech da Spikevax® na Moderna) allurar zamani ne da suka yi amfani da fasahar messenger RNA (mRNA) don koya wa garkuwar jiki yadda za ta yaki kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 wacce ke haifar da cutar COVID-19. A Nijeriya, NPHCDA ta jagoranci yakin rigakafin COVID-19 tare da tallafin COVAX Facility. An yi amfani da nau'o'in allurar daban-daban: AstraZeneca/Oxford (mafi yawa), Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA), Johnson & Johnson (viral vector), da Mod
Cutar barkono
Cutar kwakwalwar Japan
Alurar rigakafin Japanese Encephalitis (JE) alura ce da aka yi don kariya daga cutar kumburi na kwakwalwa (encephalitis) da kwayar cutar JE ke haifarwa. Cutar tana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro na Culex, kuma tana da alaka da gonar shinkafa da alade a yankunan karkara na Asiya. Cutar JE ba ta yaduwa a Nijeriya ko Afirka ta Yamma ba — tana da alaka da yankunan kudancin Asiya da gabashin Asiya musamman. Amma matafiya daga Nijeriya da ke tafiya zuwa wadannan yankunan na iya bukatar alurar. WHO ta
Cutar Lyme
Cutar mura
Cutar Typhoid
Alurar rigakafin Typhoid ta allura (injectable typhoid vaccine) alura ce da aka yi da polysaccharide na kwayar cutar Salmonella typhi (Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine) ko kuma ta hanyar conjugate (Typbar-TCV). Cutar Typhoid (zazzabin typhoid) tana yaduwa ta hanyar abinci ko ruwa da ke dauke da kwayar cutar. A Nijeriya, cutar Typhoid na daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi shafar al'umma, musamman a yankunan da ba su da isassun kayan tsafta da ruwan sha mai tsafta. NCDC na kiyasin cewa miliyoyin
Maleriya
Meningokokus
Alurar rigakafin cutar sankarau (Meningococcal ACWY vaccine) alura ce da ke ba da kariya daga cutar sankarau da kwayar Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W, da Y ke haifarwa. Cutar sankarau tana shafar kwakwalwa da kashin baya (meningitis) da kuma jini (septicaemia) kuma tana iya kashe mutum cikin sa'o'i. Nijeriya tana cikin "Meningitis Belt" — yankin da ya hada kasashen Afirka daga Senegal zuwa Ethiopia inda cutar sankarau ke barke akai-akai. Arewacin Nijeriya musamman na fama da manyan b
Yi allurar rigakafi kafin tafiyar ku
Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.