Allurar Rigakafin Mpox

Wadanda ya kamata su samu alurar Mpox:

Rigakafi kafin mu'amala (pre-exposure):

• Ma'aikatan dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ke mu'amala da orthopoxviruses

• Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke kula da marasa lafiya na Mpox

• Mutane masu yawan hadarin kamuwa

Rigakafi bayan mu'amala (post-exposure):

• Mutane da suka yi mu'amala da mai cutar Mpox

• Dole ne a ba da alurar cikin kwanaki 4 (mafi kyau) zuwa 14 bayan mu'amala

A Nijeriya:

• NCDC na ba da shawarar rigakafi ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke kula da marasa lafiya na Mpox

• Samuwar alurar na iya zama wahala — ana aiki don inganta samuwar ta hanyar tallafin duniya

• Clade IIb na ci gaba da yaduwa a Nijeriya — dole ne ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su san alamun cutar

Ba a ba da alurar Mpox (Jynneos/Imvanex) ga wadannan mutane ba:

Matsanancin rashin lafiyar abubuwan da ke cikin allurar: Musamman gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, da furotin na kwai (chicken protein).

Bayani mai muhimmanci: Jynneos/Imvanex BA MVA mai hayayyafa ba ne — don haka:

• Ana iya ba da shi ga masu HIV

• Ana iya ba da shi ga masu raunin garkuwar jiki (ba kamar tsohon alurar smallpox — ACAM2000 — wanda ke da hadari ga masu raunin garkuwar jiki)

• Ana iya ba da shi ga masu cutar eczema

Wannan babbar fa'ida ce ta Jynneos akan ACAM2000 — tana da aminci ga kusan kowa.

Sakamako na alurar Mpox (Jynneos/Imvanex):

Sakamako na yau da kullum (30-80%):

• Zafin wurin allura (70-85%)

• Jan fata, kumburin wuri, da ƙaiƙayi (40-60%)

• Gajiya (30-40%)

• Ciwon kai (20-30%)

• Ciwon tsokoki (20-30%)

• Tashin zuciya (10-15%)

• Dan zazzabi (5-10%)

Wadannan suna warwarewa cikin kwanaki 1-7.

Sakamako musi tsanani: Da wuya. Myocarditis ya kasance damuwa amma bincike ya nuna cewa hadarin ya kadan sosai da Jynneos (sabanin ACAM2000).

A Nijeriya: NCDC bai samu rahotannin sakamako musi tsanani ba daga alurar.

Yadda ake ba da alurar Mpox (Jynneos/Imvanex):

Jadawali:

• Allura 2: Kwanaki 0 da 28 (makonni 4 tsakanin allura)

• 0.5 mL, karkashin fata (SC) — hanyar yau da kullum

• 0.1 mL, cikin fata (intradermal) — hanyar rage adadin allura

Hanyar intradermal (dose-sparing):

• WHO ta amince da wannan hanyar a lokacin karancin allura

• Ana amfani da kashi 1/5 na adadin yau da kullum

• Wannan ya taimaka sosai a lokacin karancin allura na 2022-2024

Rigakafi bayan mu'amala (PEP):

• Allura ta farko cikin kwanaki 4 (mafi kyau) bayan mu'amala

• Allura ta biyu kwanaki 28 daga baya

Ajiye alurar: -20°C (frozen) ko 2-8°C na tsawon makonni 8.

Samuwar a Nijeriya: Samuwar alurar Mpox na da iyaka a Nijeriya — WHO da CEPI suna aiki don inganta samuwar a kasashen Afirka.

Ingancin alurar Mpox (Jynneos/Imvanex):

Bayan allura 2:

• 85.9% kariya daga kamuwa da Mpox (binciken 2022-2023)

• Kariya ta fara aiki makonni 2 bayan allura ta biyu

Bayan allura 1:

• 36-78% kariya (ya danganta da binciken) — ba cikakke ba

• Shi ya sa allura ta biyu na da muhimmanci

Kariya bayan mu'amala (PEP):

• Idan aka ba da alurar cikin kwanaki 4 bayan mu'amala, tana rage hadarin kamuwa sosai

A Nijeriya:

• Alurar na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa barkewar Mpox da ke ci gaba a kasar

• NCDC na aiki tare da WHO don samun isassun allurar ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da mutane masu hadari

Mu'amalar alurar Mpox da wasu magunguna:

Wasu allurar: Ba a da yawan bayanai game da ba da Jynneos tare da wasu allurar. Ana ba da shawarar tuntuba da likita.

Magunguna musi rage garkuwar jiki: Ingancin na iya raguwa amma Jynneos tana da aminci ga masu raunin garkuwar jiki (sabanin ACAM2000).

Tecovirimat (TPOXX): Maganin antiviral na Mpox — ba a da bayanai game da ba da shi tare da alurar.

Pregnancy: JYNNEOS® (MVA-BN, non-replicating live vaccinia) has limited data in pregnant women. Animal studies showed no evidence of teratogenicity. During the 2022 mpox outbreak, the CDC recommended offering JYNNEOS® to pregnant persons with known mpox exposure, as mpox during pregnancy is associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and congenital mpox. The non-replicating nature of MVA-BN reduces theoretical risk compared to replication-competent smallpox vaccines. Individual risk–benefit assessment is recommended.

Breastfeeding: JYNNEOS® (MVA-BN, non-replicating live vaccinia) has limited data in lactating women. As a non-replicating vaccine, the risk of vaccine virus transmission through breast milk is theoretically lower than with replication-competent smallpox vaccines. During mpox outbreaks, vaccination may be considered for breastfeeding women with exposure, weighing the risk of mpox disease against the uncertain risk to the infant. Consult with a healthcare provider for individual risk assessment.

Pediatric use: JYNNEOS® is approved for adults ≥18 years in the US, though it has been used off-label in children during mpox outbreaks under emergency use authorization. In pediatric use during outbreaks, dosing follows adult dosing (0.5 mL subcutaneous, 2 doses 28 days apart). Children may be at risk of mpox through household contact with infected persons. ACAM2000® (replication-competent smallpox vaccine) has significant pediatric risks including progressive vaccinia and myocarditis and should only be used in children during emergencies.

Older adults (≥65 years): JYNNEOS® can be administered to older adults at risk of mpox exposure. Adults who received childhood smallpox vaccination (routine vaccination ended in the 1970s–1980s) may have residual cross-protective immunity against mpox, though this wanes over decades. JYNNEOS® is recommended regardless of prior smallpox vaccination for individuals at current risk. Older adults may experience more pronounced local and systemic reactions. No dose adjustment is required.

Matakan kariya:

A Nijeriya:

• NCDC na ba da shawarar mutane su guji mu'amala da dabbobin daji (berayen daji, birai)

• Kada a ci naman daji da ba a dafa sosai ba

• Wanke hannu akai-akai

• Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya su sa kayan kariya (PPE) lokacin kula da marasa lafiya na Mpox

Alamun cutar da ake bukatar sanin su:

• Zazzabi, ciwon kai, kumburin kwayar lymph

• Hawan fata mai gyambu (a fuska, hannaye, ƙafafu, al'aura)

• Idan ka ga wadannan alamun — je asibiti kuma gaya wa likita game da mu'amala da dabbobi ko mutane masu cutar

NCDC na ci gaba da sa ido kan cutar Mpox a Nijeriya ta hanyar tsarin rahotannin cututtuka.