Allurar Rigakafin Chikungunya

Wadanda ya kamata su samu alurar Chikungunya:

A halin yanzu (2024-2026):

• Manya masu shekaru 18+ da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar

• Matafiya zuwa yankunan da cutar ke yaduwa

• Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da dakunan gwaje-gwaje da ke mu'amala da kwayar cutar

A Nijeriya:

• Alurar ba ta cikin jadawalin NPI ba tukuna

• Samuwar alurar na iya zama a nan gaba idan WHO ta amince da ita ga kasashe masu tasowa

• NCDC na sa ido kan cutar don tantance bukatar alurar

Bayani: Bincike na ci gaba don fadada amfani da alurar ga yara da matasa.

Ba a ba da alurar Chikungunya ga wadannan mutane ba:

Masu raunin garkuwar jiki: Saboda Ixchiq® alura ce mai rai.

Mata masu juna biyu da masu shayar da nono: Ba a da isassun bayanai tukuna.

Yara kasa da shekaru 18: Ba a amince da ita ga wannan rukunin ba tukuna.

Matsanancin rashin lafiyar abubuwan da ke cikin allurar.

Rashin lafiya mai tsanani tare da zazzabi: Sai a jinkirta.

Sakamako na alurar Chikungunya (Ixchiq®):

Sakamako na yau da kullum (24-50%):

• Ciwon kai (31%)

• Gajiya (28%)

• Ciwon tsokoki (24%)

• Ciwon gidauniyoyi (17%) — yana kama da alamun cutar Chikungunya amma mai sauki

• Zafin wurin allura (15%)

• Dan zazzabi (14%)

• Tashin zuciya (12%)

Wadannan suna warwarewa cikin kwanaki 1-7.

Sakamako masi tsanani: Da wuya. Bincike na ci gaba don sa ido na tsawon lokaci.

Yadda ake ba da alurar Chikungunya (Ixchiq®):

Allura daya kawai: 0.5 mL, cikin tsoka (IM — deltoid).

Shekaru: 18+ (a halin yanzu).

Ba a bukatar booster ba a halin yanzu — bincike na ci gaba.

Ajiye alurar: 2-8°C.

Samuwa: Sabuwar alura ce — ba ta da yawa a kasashen Afirka tukuna. Ana sa ran cewa WHO prequalification da tallafin Gavi za su sauƙaƙa samuwar ta a nan gaba.

Ingancin alurar Chikungunya (Ixchiq®):

Bayan allura daya:

• 98.9% na mutane sun samar da neutralizing antibodies cikin kwanaki 28

• Ingancin kariya a gwajin asibiti: An yi amfani da immune correlates — ba a samu isassun shari'o'i na cutar a gwajin don auna inganci kai tsaye ba

Tsawon kariya:

• Bincike na farko ya nuna cewa antibodies sun dawwama akalla watanni 18+

• Bincike na tsawon lokaci na ci gaba

Bayani: Ixchiq® ita ce alura ta farko da ta samu amincewa don rigakafin Chikungunya. Wannan babban ci gaba ne musamman ga kasashen da cutar ke yaduwa kamar Nijeriya.

Mu'amalar alurar Chikungunya da wasu magunguna:

Wasu allurar masu rai: Ba a da isassun bayanai game da ba da Ixchiq® tare da wasu allurar. Ana ba da shawarar a jira kwanaki 28 tsakanin allurar masu rai.

Magunguna masu rage garkuwar jiki: Ba a ba da Ixchiq® ga masu shan immunosuppressants ba.

Bayani: Saboda alurar sabuwa ce, za a ci gaba da bincike game da mu'amalar ta da wasu magunguna da allurar.

Pregnancy: Ixchiq® (live attenuated) is contraindicated during pregnancy. In animal studies, chikungunya vaccine virus was detected in fetal tissues. Women of childbearing potential should avoid pregnancy for at least 30 days after vaccination. If a pregnant woman is inadvertently vaccinated, she should be counseled about the potential risks. Natural chikungunya infection during pregnancy, particularly near delivery, can cause severe neonatal disease — risk–benefit assessment for travel to highly endemic areas should be discussed.

Breastfeeding: There are no data on the presence of Ixchiq® vaccine virus in human milk, its effects on the breastfed infant, or its effects on milk production. As a live attenuated vaccine, a theoretical risk of vaccine virus transmission to the infant via breast milk exists. The decision to vaccinate breastfeeding women should consider the risk of chikungunya exposure, the benefits of breastfeeding, and the potential risks to the infant. Consult with a healthcare provider for individual assessment.

Pediatric use: Ixchiq® is approved for adults aged ≥18 years only. Safety and efficacy in children and adolescents under 18 have not been established. Pediatric clinical trials are ongoing. Children traveling to chikungunya-endemic areas should rely on mosquito bite prevention measures (DEET-containing repellents approved for children ≥2 months, permethrin-treated clothing, bed nets). Chikungunya in neonates (peripartum transmission) can be severe, including encephalopathy and hemorrhagic complications.

Older adults (≥65 years): Ixchiq® is approved for adults ≥18 years without an upper age limit. Older adults traveling to chikungunya-endemic areas may benefit from vaccination as chikungunya infection in the elderly is associated with more severe and prolonged joint symptoms (chronic arthralgia lasting months to years). Immunogenicity data in adults ≥65 suggest adequate seroconversion rates, though antibody titers may be lower than in younger adults. As a live attenuated vaccine, it is contraindicated in immunocompromised older adults.

Matakan kariya:

Kariya daga cizon sauro (muhimmi):

• Alurar ba ta maye gurbin matakan kariya daga sauro ba

• Yi amfani da maganin sauro (DEET, picaridin)

• Sa tufafi masu rufe jiki

• Yi amfani da gidan sauro

A Nijeriya:

• NCDC na ba da shawarar matakan kariya daga cizon sauro don rage yaduwar Chikungunya, Dengue, da Zika

• Kawar da wuraren da sauro ke hayayyafa (stagnant water) na da muhimmanci

Bayani: Ciwon gidauniyoyi daga Chikungunya na iya dawwama watanni ko ma shekaru — rigakafin ta hanyar allura da kariya daga sauro suna da matukar muhimmanci.