Cutar kwakwalwar Japan

Wadanda ya kamata su samu alurar JE:

Matafiya daga Nijeriya zuwa Asiya: Musamman wadanda za su:

• Yi zaman tsawon wata 1+ a yankunan karkara na kudancin/gabashin Asiya

• Ziyarci gonakin shinkafa ko wuraren da alade ke yawo

• Yi ayyuka na waje a lokacin damina (peak transmission season)

Kasashen da cutar ke yaduwa: India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, Korea, da sauransu.

Ma'aikatan dakunan gwaje-gwaje: Wadanda ke mu'amala da kwayar cutar JE.

Bayani ga 'yan Nijeriya: Cutar ba ta yaduwa a Afirka — alurar tana da muhimmanci ne kawai ga matafiya zuwa Asiya. Ana iya samun alurar a asibitocin matafiya (travel clinics) a manyan birane na Nijeriya.

Ba a ba da alurar JE ga wadannan mutane ba:

Ixiaro® (inactivated vaccine):

• Yara kasa da watanni 2

• Mutanen da ke da matsanancin rashin lafiyar abubuwan da ke cikin allurar

• Rashin lafiya mai tsanani tare da zazzabi — sai a jinkirta

SA 14-14-2 (live attenuated — ba a samun ta a Nijeriya yawanci):

• Mata masu juna biyu

• Masu raunin garkuwar jiki

• Yara kasa da watanni 8

Bayani: Ixiaro® ba a hana ba da shi ga mata masu juna biyu ba amma ba a da isassun bayanai — sai a yi la'akari da hadari da amfanin.

Sakamako na alurar JE:

Ixiaro® (mafi yawan amfani ga matafiya):

• Zafin wurin allura (35-40%)

• Ciwon kai (20-25%)

• Ciwon tsokoki (15%)

• Gajiya (10%)

• Dan zazzabi (5%)

Wadannan sakamako suna warwarewa cikin kwanaki 1-3.

Sakamako masu tsanani: Da wuya sosai — kasa da 1 cikin 100,000.

Bayani: Allurar Ixiaro® zamani ta fi aminci sosai fiye da tsoffin allurar JE (mouse brain-derived vaccines) wadanda suke da sakamako masu tsanani iri-iri. WHO ta ba da shawarar kasashe su canza zuwa sabbin allurar.

Yadda ake ba da alurar JE (Ixiaro®):

Jadawali na yau da kullum:

• Allura 2: Kwanaki 0 da 28 (IM injection, deltoid)

• Manya shekaru 18+: 0.5 mL kowane

• Yara watanni 2 - shekaru 3: 0.25 mL kowane

• Yara shekaru 3-17: 0.5 mL kowane

Jadawalin gaggawa (manya shekaru 18-65):

• Allura 2: Kwanaki 0 da 7

• Wannan ya dace ga matafiya da ba su da lokaci kafin tafiya

Booster:

• Allura ta 3 (booster): Watanni 12-24 bayan allura ta 2

• Ana iya ba da karin booster bayan shekaru 10 idan har yanzu ana cikin hadari

Ajiye alurar: 2-8°C, kada a daskare.

Ingancin alurar JE:

Ixiaro® (bayan allura 2):

• 96% na mutane suna samar da neutralizing antibodies bayan allura 2

• Ingancin kariya: >90% bisa bayanan da ake da su

SA 14-14-2 (live attenuated):

• Inganci: 85-95% bayan allura daya

• Ana amfani da ita sosai a kasashen Asiya

Bayani ga matafiya daga Nijeriya:

• Hadarin kamuwa ga matafiya gajere zuwa birane na Asiya yana da kadan sosai

• Alurar ta fi muhimmanci ga wadanda za su yi zaman tsawon lokaci a karkara

• WHO ta kiyasta cewa cutar JE na haifar da 68,000 shari'o'i na asibiti a kowace shekara a Asiya, inda 20-30% ke mutuwa kuma 30-50% na masu tsira suna da lalacewar kwakwalwa ta dindindin

Mu'amalar alurar JE da wasu magunguna:

Wasu allurar: Ana iya ba da Ixiaro® tare da Hepatitis A a lokaci guda ba tare da rage ingancin ba. Ana kuma iya ba da ita tare da wasu allurar na matafiya.

Magunguna masu rage garkuwar jiki: Na iya rage ingancin alurar.

Bayani ga matafiya daga Nijeriya: Idan ana bukatar allurar matafiya da yawa (Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A, Typhoid, JE, da sauransu), likita na iya tsara jadawali don ba da su duka kafin tafiya.

Pregnancy: Limited data — use only if risk is high.

Limited safety data for Ixiaro (inactivated Vero cell vaccine) in pregnancy.

• Administer only if the risk of Japanese encephalitis exposure is judged to be high (prolonged rural travel during transmission season in endemic Asia).

• No teratogenic effects reported in animal studies.

• Live attenuated JE formulations (SA14-14-2, Imojev): contraindicated in pregnancy.

• Defer vaccination until after delivery whenever possible.

Breastfeeding: Limited data — likely safe.

No formal studies of Ixiaro during breastfeeding. As an inactivated vaccine, it is unlikely to pose a risk to the breastfed infant. CDC considers inactivated vaccines generally acceptable during breastfeeding.

Pediatric use:

• Ixiaro: licensed from 2 months of age.

  • 2 months to <3 years: 0.25 mL IM per dose.
  • ≥3 years: 0.5 mL IM per dose.
  • 2 doses on days 0 and 28. Accelerated schedule (days 0 and 7) available for adults ≥18 years only.

• Booster: 1 dose ≥1 year after primary series if ongoing exposure risk.

• Live attenuated SA14-14-2 (in endemic countries): single dose from 8 months of age.

Geriatric use:

• No specific dose adjustment required.

• Immune response may be slightly lower in elderly adults — consider booster if ongoing exposure risk.

• Japanese encephalitis is more severe in older adults (higher case-fatality rate in ≥65 years).

• Standard 2-dose Ixiaro schedule applies.

Matakan kariya:

Lokacin da ya fi dacewa: A kammala jadawalin akalla mako 1 kafin tafiya zuwa Asiya.

Kariya daga cizon sauro: Alurar ba ta ba da kariya 100% ba — dole ne a yi amfani da matakan kariya daga sauro tare da alurar:

• Amfani da maganin sauro (DEET 20-50%)

• Sa tufafi masu rufe jiki da yamma da safe

• Barci a cikin gidan sauro (mosquito net)

Booster: Ana bukatar allura ta 2 bayan watanni 12-24 idan har yanzu ana cikin hadari (Ixiaro®).

A Nijeriya: Asibitocin matafiya a Lagos, Abuja, da Port Harcourt na iya samar da alurar JE. Ana ba da shawarar tuntubar likita makonni 6-8 kafin tafiya zuwa Asiya.