Bayanin gabaɗaya
Maruru (mumps) cuta ce mai yaduwa da kwayar cutar paramyxovirus ke haifarwa. Tana kumbura glandar salivary kusa da kunne.
Hanyoyin yaduwa
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Cutar kumburi (mumps/agana) cuta ce ta ƙwayar cuta da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar iska da ƙwayar cutar mumps (dangin Paramyxoviridae) ke haddasa ta. Alama ta musamman ita ce kumburin glandar miyau (parotitis) — kumburi mai ciwo ɗaya ko biyu a ƙasan kunci. Cutar yawanci tana da sauƙi a cikin yara amma tana iya haifar da rikitarwa masu tsanani a cikin manya, musamman orchitis (kumburin ƙwai) da meningitis. Allurar MMR ta rage cutar sosai.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Mumps cuta ce ta kwayar cuta (virus) da mumps rubulavirus ke haddasa ta. Tana sa kumburin glandin miyau (parotid glands) wanda ke haifar da ciwo. Kashi 30–40% na kamuwa ba sa nuna alamun cuta. Matsalar da ta fi hatsari ita ce kumburin gwaiwa (orchitis) a maza da suka wuce shekarun balaga (15–30%). Allurar MMR tana samuwa a cikin shirin rigakafin Najeriya. Cuta ce da dole a bayar da rahotonta.
Alamomin gaggawa
Ciwo mai tsanani a gwaiwa (a fitar da juyin gwaiwa — gaggawa ta likitan tiyata). Alamun kumburin membrane din kwakwalwa. Farfadiya.
Cikakkun alamomi
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Lokacin kwanciyar cuta: Kwanaki 12–25. Kumburin glandin miyau mai ciwo (daya bangare → biyu a 70–80%). Wahalar tauna da hadiya. Kumburin gwaiwa (orchitis) a maza da suka wuce balaga (15–30%): ciwo mai tsanani da kumburi. Kumburin membrane din kwakwalwa (aseptic meningitis, 1–10%). Kumburin pancreas (2–5%). Kurame (1/20,000).
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Tafiyar cuta
Matakan cutar haɓƙo:
- Lokacin ɓoye cuta: Kwanaki 16–18 (tsakanin kwanaki 12–25).
- Matakin farko (kwanaki 1–2): Ɗan zazzaɓi, rashin jin daɗi, ciwon kai, ciwon tsokoki, rashin sha'awar abinci.
- Kumburin parotid (kololuwa kwana 2–3, tsawon kwanaki 5–10): Kumburin glandar parotid na gefe ɗaya sannan galibi na ɓangarorin biyu. Ciwo ya fi tsanani yayin tauna ko cin abincin tsami. Ciwon kunne. Kumburin ya kai kololuwa kwana 2–3, sannan ya ragu a hankali.
- Lokacin matsaloli (kwanaki 5–14): Kumburin gwaiwa yawanci yana bayyana kwanaki 4–8 bayan farkon kumburin parotid. Kumburin fatar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya faruwa kafin, yayin, ko bayan kumburin parotid.
- Warkarwa: Kumburin parotid ya warke cikin kwanaki 7–10. Kumburin gwaiwa ya warke cikin makonni 1–2.
Kamuwa ba tare da alamomi ba: 20–30% na kamuwar haɓƙo ba su da alamomi. Wasu 40–50% suna nuna alamomin numfashi marasa takamaiman kawai.
Binciken cuta
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
RT-PCR (swab daga bakin glandin Stensen). IgM antibodies na mumps. IgG na lokuta biyu. Bayar da rahoto ga hukumomi dole ne.
Magani
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Tallafin jiki: keɓe kwanaki 5, magungunan rage ciwo/zazzabi, ɗamara a kan glandin miyau, abinci mai laushi. Kumburin gwaiwa: hutawa a gado, tallafin scrotal, magungunan rage kumburi (NSAIDs).
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Cikakkun bayanin rigakafi
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar MMR: allurai biyu. Ingancin kariya: 78% (allura daya), 88% (allurai biyu). Allura ta uku a lokacin barkewar cuta.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Shawarar tafiya
Ka tabbatar an yi maka allurai biyu na MMR kafin tafiya. Hadari a wuraren kwana na tare (shirye-shiryen musayar dalibai, hostels).
Yaya yawancinta?
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Ana samun barkewar cutar a tsakanin matasa masu zaune tare (jami'o'i, sansanin soji). Najeriya: shari'o'i da ba a sanar da su ba saboda karancin sa ido. Cutar ba ta da tsananin hatsari idan ba a barkewar annoba ba.
Dalilan haɗari
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Rashin allurar rigakafi ko allura ɗaya kawai, hulɗa da mai cutar a tarurruka (makarantu, jami'o'i, bariki), raguwar rigakafi (>10 shekaru bayan allurar), maza bayan balaga (haɗarin orchitis), rashin ƙarfin rigakafi.
Cikakkun bayanan matsaloli
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Kumburin gwaiwa (orchitis, 15–30%): raguwar gwaiwa a 50%, rashin haihuwa ba safai ba. Kumburin kwai (oophoritis, 5%). Kumburin membrane din kwakwalwa (1–10%): yawanci ba shi da hatsari. Kumburin kwakwalwa (encephalitis, 1/6,000). Kurame na jijiyoyin ji (1/20,000). Mutuwa: 1.6–3.8/10,000.
Murmurewa da hasashe
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Gabaɗaya: Kyakkyawan hasashen warkarwa. CFR ~0.01%. Cutar tana warke da kanta a mafi yawan marasa lafiya.
Matsaloli:
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Kumburin gwaiwa (orchitis): 15–30% na maza bayan balaga. Na ɓangarorin biyu a cikin 15–30% na marasa lafiyar orchitis. Raguwar haihuwa ba kasafai ba (ƙasa da 5%); rashin haihuwa gaba ɗaya ba ya yiwuwa.
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Kumburin kwai na mace (oophoritis): 5% na mata bayan balaga.
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Kumburin fatar ƙwaƙwalwa mara ƙwayoyin cuta: 1–10% (yawanci mara haɗari, yana warke cikin kwanaki 3–10).
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Rashin ji na jijiyoyi: 1 a cikin 20,000 (yawanci na gefe ɗaya, na iya zama na dindindin).
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Kumburin pancreas: 4% (yawanci mai sauƙi, yana warke da kansa).
Rigakafi: Na dindindin bayan kamuwa ta halitta. Rigakafin allurar na iya raguwa (gazawar allurar ta biyu na taimakawa wajen barkewar cutar a cikin al'ummomin da aka yi musu allurar rigakafi).