Bayanin gabaɗaya
Tari mai tsanwa (pertussis/whooping cough) cuta ce mai tsananin yaduwa da ƙwayar Bordetella pertussis ke haifarwa. Tana da haɗari musamman ga jarirai.
Hanyoyin yaduwa
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Pertussis (whooping cough / tari mai tsanani) cuta ce ta numfashi da ke yaɗuwa sosai da Bordetella pertussis ke haddasa ta. Alama ta musamman ita ce tari mai tsanani da ke zuwa cikin guguwa tare da "whoop" (shaƙar iska) a tsakanin. Cutar tana da haɗari musamman ga jarirai <6 watanni da ba su kammala allurar rigakafi ba — CFR 1–3% ga jarirai. ~160,000 mutuwa/shekara a duniya, galibi yara.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Tarin kafada (Pertussis/Whooping Cough) cutar kwayoyin cuta ce da Bordetella pertussis ke haddasa ta. Adadin yaduwa a cikin gida: kashi 80–90%. Mafi hadari ga jarirai 'yan watanni <6 (kashi 90% na mutuwa). Cutar tana dawo wa a duniya tun shekarar 2010. Ana ba da shawarar rigakafin mata masu ciki da Tdap (a kowane daukar ciki) don kare jariri. A Najeriya, allurar DPT/Pentavalent tana cikin jadawalin NPHCDA.
Alamomin gaggawa
Tsayawar numfashi/shuɗewar jiki (cyanosis) a jariri. Farfadiya. Rashin iya cin abinci. Zazzabi >38.5°C tare da tari (ciwon huhu na iya kasancewa).
Cikakkun alamomi
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Matakin mura (catarrhal, mako 1–2): kamar mura na yau da kullum — ba a iya bambancewa. Matakin tari na kafada (paroxysmal, mako 2–8): jerin tari + sautin shaƙar iska mai tsawa (whoop) + amai bayan tari. Tsayawar numfashi a jarirai (ba tare da sautin whoop ba). Matakin warwarewa (convalescent, mako 2–6). Ana kiran cutar "tari na kwanaki dari" (100-day cough) saboda tsawon lokacin.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Tafiyar cuta
Matakan cutar pertussis:
- Lokacin ɓoye cuta: Kwanaki 7–10 (tsakanin kwanaki 5–21).
- Matakin mura (makonni 1–2): Ɗan tari, ruwan hanci, ɗan zazzaɓi. Ba ya bambanta da mura na yau da kullum. Mafi yawan lokacin yaɗuwa.
- Matakin tari mai tsanani (makonni 2–8): Tarin da ya biyo juna da sauri tare da shaƙar "murɗa" (ya fi bayyana a yara; galibi ba ya nan a manya da jarirai). Amai bayan tari. Tashin tari na iya faruwa ta cin abinci, sha, ko hamma. Tsakanin tashin tari, mai haƙuri yana da kyau.
- Matakin warkarwa (makonni zuwa watanni): Raguwar tari a hankali. Sake kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi na iya sake haifar da tarin murɗa na ɗan lokaci.
Alamomi marasa al'ada: Manya da yara da aka yi musu allurar rigakafi galibi suna da tari mai tsawo ba tare da murɗa na gargajiya ba. Jarirai ƙasa da watanni 3 na iya nuna tsayawar numfashi maimakon tari.
Binciken cuta
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Culture daga nasopharyngeal swab (gold standard amma sensitivity ya yi kasa). PCR — ya fi dacewa. Gwajin antibodies (serology). A Najeriya, rashin isasshen gwaje-gwaje yana sa kamuwa da cutar ba a sanar da shi sosai.
Magani
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Azithromycin kwanaki 5 (maganin farko, amintacce ga jarirai). Clarithromycin kwanaki 7. A kwantar da duk jarirai 'yan watanni <6 a asibiti. Sa ido na kowane lokaci (apnea monitoring). Maganin rigakafi ga duk wanda ya yi mu'amala da mai cuta a gida.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Cikakkun bayanin rigakafi
Yadda za ka kare kanka
DPT/Pentavalent a yara (jadawalin NPHCDA: makonni 6, 10, 14). Tdap ga mata masu ciki a kowane daukar ciki (makonni 20–36) — ba a aiwatar da hakan sosai a Najeriya har yanzu. Dabarar "cocoon" (rigakafin iyaye da masu kula da jariri).
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Shawarar tafiya
A tabbatar an yi allura. Mata masu ciki masu shirin tafiya: a yi Tdap idan ba a yi ba tukuna. Hatsari ga jarirai a cikin jirgin sama da wuraren cunkoson jama'a.
Yaya yawancinta?
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
A Najeriya, ba a sanar da yawan shari'o'in pertussis sosai saboda wahalar gwajin cutar. A duniya, WHO ta kiyasta mutuwar jarirai 160,000+ a shekara. Cutar tana dawo wa ko a kasashen da suka ci gaban rigakafi saboda raguwar kariya bayan shekaru.
Dalilan haɗari
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Jarirai <6 watanni (mafi haɗari na mutuwa), rashin allurar rigakafi ko allurar da ba ta cika ba, hulɗa da mai cutar (yawan yaɗuwa >80% a cikin 'yan gida), raguwar rigakafi (>5–10 shekaru bayan allurar), manya marasa ƙarin allura (reservoir na yaɗuwa ga jarirai).
Cikakkun bayanan matsaloli
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Ciwon huhu (pneumonia) — babban sanadin mutuwa a jarirai. Tsayawar numfashi (apnea). Farfadiya. Kumburin kwakwalwa (encephalopathy) daga rashin isasshen oxygen. Pneumothorax daga tsananin tari. Mutuwa: mafi yawa a jarirai 'yan watanni <2.
Murmurewa da hasashe
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Jarirai ƙasa da watanni 6: Mafi girman haɗari da mutuwa. CFR 1–3% a cikin jariran da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba. Babban dalilin mutuwar pertussis.
Yara manya da manya: Ba kasafai ya kashe ba amma yana haifar da tsawon rashin lafiya. "Tari na kwanaki 100."
Matsaloli:
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Ciwon huhu (babban dalilin mutuwa a jarirai): 5–10%.
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Tashin farfaɗo: 1–2%, yawanci na zazzaɓi.
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Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa: 0.1–0.3%.
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Karya haƙarƙari, fitila, zubar da jini a ido (daga tarin da ya yi tsanani).
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Ƙaiƙayin tari bayan pertussis na iya ci gaba na watanni.
Rigakafi: Kamuwa ta halitta na ba da kariya na shekaru 7–20. Rigakafin da allurar ta ba da yana raguwa cikin shekaru 5–10.