पोलियो

UIP/MoHFW (अनिवार्य):

• 6 सप्ताह: fIPV-1 (0.1 mL ID) या IPV-1 (0.5 mL IM) — pentavalent के साथ

• 14 सप्ताह: fIPV-2/IPV-2 — pentavalent के साथ

• bOPV: जन्म, 6, 10, 14 सप्ताह + बूस्टर — IPV के अतिरिक्त

IAP अनुशंसा (निजी क्षेत्र): IPV-only अनुसूची संभव

विशेष:

• प्रतिरक्षा-दमित बच्चे/परिवार के सदस्य — OPV वर्जित, केवल IPV

• अंतर्राष्ट्रीय यात्री — कुछ देश पोलियो टीकाकरण प्रमाणपत्र माँगते हैं

• स्वास्थ्य कर्मी — पोलियो-प्रभावित क्षेत्रों में कार्यरत

Pregnancy: Safe.

IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) is safe during pregnancy.

• Can be administered if the pregnant woman is at risk of polio exposure (travel to endemic areas: Afghanistan, Pakistan).

• No teratogenic effects observed.

• Pregnant women who need polio vaccination should receive IPV, never OPV.

Breastfeeding: Safe — no restrictions.

IPV is an inactivated vaccine and is completely safe during breastfeeding. No modification to breastfeeding schedule required.

Pediatric use:

• Part of routine childhood immunization schedule worldwide.

• Schedule (US/ACIP): 4 doses at 2, 4, 6–18 months, 4–6 years. Often given as part of combination vaccines (hexavalent: DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB).

• Minimum age: 6 weeks.

• IPV does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) — this risk exists only with OPV.

• Immunocompromised children must receive IPV (never OPV).

• Dose: 0.5 mL IM or SC (all ages).

Geriatric use:

• Adults with a completed primary series need only 1 lifetime booster if traveling to polio-endemic areas.

• Unvaccinated adults: 3-dose series (0, 1–2, 6–12 months).

• No upper age limit. No dose adjustment required.

• Polio eradication is near-complete — endemic transmission persists only in Afghanistan and Pakistan (as of 2024).