Alurar rigakafin cutar Polio ta allura (Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine, IPV) alura ce da aka yi da kwayar cutar Polio da aka kashe wacce ke ba da kariya daga nau'o'in kwayar cutar polio uku (types 1, 2, 3). IPV ba ta dauke da kwayar cutar mai rai ba — sabanin alurar ta baki (OPV). Nijeriya ta samu nasarar kawar da cutar Wild Poliovirus a shekarar 2020 — bayan shekaru na gwagwarmaya mai wahala. WHO ta tabbatar da cewa Nijeriya da kuma duk yankin Afirka sun samu 'yanci daga cutar Wild Poliovirus
Alurar rigakafin cutar Polio ta allura (Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine, IPV) alura ce da aka yi da kwayar cutar Polio da aka kashe wacce ke ba da kariya daga nau'o'in kwayar cutar polio uku (types 1, 2, 3). IPV ba ta dauke da kwayar cutar mai rai ba — sabanin alurar ta baki (OPV).
Nijeriya ta samu nasarar kawar da cutar Wild Poliovirus a shekarar 2020 — bayan shekaru na gwagwarmaya mai wahala. WHO ta tabbatar da cewa Nijeriya da kuma duk yankin Afirka sun samu 'yanci daga cutar Wild Poliovirus a watan Agusta 2020.
AMMA, kalubalen cVDPV2 (circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2) na ci gaba a Nijeriya da sauran kasashe. cVDPV2 na faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar cutar Polio da ke cikin alurar OPV ta canza kuma ta samu ikon haifar da shanye-shanye a al'ummomin da ba su da isassun rigakafi.
NPHCDA na amfani da hanyoyi biyu don rigakafin Polio: OPV (ta baki) a matsayin babbar allurar a jadawalin NPI, da IPV (ta allura) a matsayin kari. An gabatar da IPV a cikin jadawalin NPI na Nijeriya a makonni 14 tun shekarar 2015.
Wadanda ya kamata su samu alurar IPV:
Duk jarirai a cikin jadawalin NPI na Nijeriya: NPHCDA ta sa IPV a jadawalin NPI — ana ba da allura daya a makonni 14 tare da pentavalent ta uku da OPV-3.
Yaran da ba su kammala jadawalin ba: Duk yaron da bai samu cikakken rigakafin Polio ba ya kamata a ba shi.
Matafiya: Duk wanda ke tafiya zuwa kasashen da cutar Polio ko cVDPV ke yaduwa ya kamata ya tabbatar cewa yana da cikakken rigakafi.
Manya da ba su taba samun rigakafin Polio ba: Musamman ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da matafiya.
Lokacin barkewar cVDPV2: NPHCDA na gudanar da yakin rigakafin gaggawa inda ake amfani da nOPV2 (novel oral polio vaccine type 2) a yankunan da cutar ta barke.
WHO ta ba da shawarar: Duk kasashen duniya su gabatar da akalla allura daya na IPV a cikin jadawalin su, tare da OPV inda ake amfani da ita.
Pregnancy: Safe.
IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) is safe during pregnancy.
Can be administered if the pregnant woman is at risk of polio exposure (travel to endemic areas: Afghanistan, Pakistan).
No teratogenic effects observed.
Pregnant women who need polio vaccination should receive IPV, never OPV.
Breastfeeding: Safe — no restrictions.
IPV is an inactivated vaccine and is completely safe during breastfeeding. No modification to breastfeeding schedule required.
Pediatric use:
Part of routine childhood immunization schedule worldwide.
Schedule (US/ACIP): 4 doses at 2, 4, 6–18 months, 4–6 years. Often given as part of combination vaccines (hexavalent: DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB).
Minimum age: 6 weeks.
IPV does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) — this risk exists only with OPV.
Immunocompromised children must receive IPV (never OPV).
Dose: 0.5 mL IM or SC (all ages).
Geriatric use:
Adults with a completed primary series need only 1 lifetime booster if traveling to polio-endemic areas.
Unvaccinated adults: 3-dose series (0, 1–2, 6–12 months).
No upper age limit. No dose adjustment required.
Polio eradication is near-complete — endemic transmission persists only in Afghanistan and Pakistan (as of 2024).
| Allura | Alama | Kwanaki daga na baya | Kewayon shekaru |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allura 1 | IPOL | — | 2 watanni+ (max: 2 watanni) |
| Allura 2 | IPOL | 60d | 4 watanni+ (max: 4 watanni) |
| Allura 3 | IPOL | 60d | 6 watanni+ (max: 2 shekaru) |
| Allura 4 | IPOL | 1095d | 4 shekaru+ (max: 6 shekaru) |
Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfani