Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Cutar shan inna kusan an kawar da ita amma har yanzu tana yaduwa a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Wasu kasashe suna bukatar shaidar allurar rigakafin shan inna don shiga idan ana zuwa daga yankunan da cutar ke yaduwa. Ka tabbatar da allurar rigakafin ka na yanzu. Ana iya bukatar allurar karfafawa.
Shan inna (polio) cuta ce mai yaduwa da poliovirus ke haifarwa. Tana iya lalata jijiyoyi kuma ta haifar da gurguzu na dindindin.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabi | 85% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 75% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 80% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Saurin fushi | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 45% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon maƙogwaro | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Amai | 35% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 25% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zawo | 15% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Shanyewar gaɓoɓi | 1% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon baya | 20% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Wahalar haɗiya | 3% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 25% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Taurin wuya | 15% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 2% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Rashin jure haske | 10% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Maƙarƙashiya | 20% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Rawar jiki | 5% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Gajiya | 80% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Cutar shan inna (poliomyelitis) cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa da poliovirus (dangin Picornaviridae) ke haddasa ta. Nau'o'i uku: PV1, PV2 (an kawar da shi 2015), PV3 (an kawar da shi 2019). PV1 kawai ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Ƙwayar cutar tana kai hari ga jijiyoyin motsi a cikin kashin baya. ~72% na cututtukan ba su da alamomi, amma 1 cikin 200 yana haifar da shanye da ba za a warware ba. GPEI ta rage shari'o'i da >99.9% tun 1988.
Shan inna (Poliomyelitis) cutar kwayar cuta ce da poliovirus ke haddasa ta. Najeriya ta kasance daya daga cikin kasashe uku na karshe da ke da yaduwar kwayar cutar polio ta daji (wild poliovirus) har zuwa shekarar 2020 lokacin da WHO ta shelanta Afirka ba tare da polio ta daji ba. Koyaya, Najeriya har yanzu tana da babban kalubale na circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) — Najeriya tana da mafi yawan shari'o'in cVDPV a duniya. Kwayar cutar polio ta daji ta 1 (WPV1) har yanzu tana yaduwa a Afghanistan da Pakistan.
Shirin Hadin Gwiwa na Kawar da Polio a Duniya (Global Polio Eradication Initiative — GPEI) ya rage shari'o'in fiye da kashi 99.9% tun 1988. A Najeriya, yakin neman rigakafin polio na daga cikin mafi girma a Afirka — NPHCDA da GPEI suna gudanar da yakin neman allurar polio na kara karfi (Supplementary Immunisation Activities — SIAs) akai-akai, musamman a Arewacin Najeriya.
Tarihin Najeriya da polio: A shekarun 2003-2004, dakatarwar rigakafin polio a wasu jihohin Arewa saboda shakku ya haifar da yaduwar cutar ba kawai a Najeriya ba amma har zuwa kasashen da suka yi nasarar kawar da ita. Wannan ya koyar da darasi mai muhimmanci game da muhimmancin rigakafi. Bayan haka, an yi kokarin wayar da kai sosai tare da shugabannin addini da na gargajiya.
Shan inna cuta ce da dole a bayar da rahotonta nan take a Najeriya (NCDC IDSR). Duk yaron da ya kasa shekara 15 da ya samu gurguwar kwatsam (Acute Flaccid Paralysis — AFP) dole a bincika shi.
Raunin tsoka na kwatsam a kowane gaba. Wahalar hadiya ko numfashi. Gurguwar kwatsam a yaro → bayar da rahoto nan take ga hukumomin lafiya. A Najeriya: duk shari'ar AFP a yaro <15 shekara = gaggawa ta lafiya.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
90–95% ba su nuna alamun cuta. Nau'in gurguwa (<1%): gurguwar kwatsam da ba ta jiki daya ba (asymmetric acute flaccid paralysis) wanda yakan fi shafar kafafu. Nau'in bulbar: gurguwar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa da gazawar numfashi. Cutar bayan shan inna (Post-polio syndrome): 25–40% na wadanda suka tsira bayan shekaru 15–40.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar shan inna (mai shanye gaɓoɓi):
Shan inna na kashin baya da na ƙwaƙwalwa: Shan inna na kashin baya (shanyen gaɓoɓi) ya fi yawa. Shan inna na ƙwaƙwalwa ya shafi jijiyoyin kai da cibiyar numfashi — gaggawar likita.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Binciken kwayar cutar daga najasa (stool) — ma'aunin zinari (gold standard). PCR. Bambance tsakanin kwayar cutar daji da ta fito daga allurar rigakafi. A Najeriya: duk yaron da ya kasa shekara 15 da ya samu gurguwar kwatsam (AFP) dole a bayar da rahoton nan take ga LGA Disease Surveillance da NCDC, a tattara samfurin najasa biyu cikin kwanaki 14.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Tallafin jiki ne kawai: hutawa, magungunan rage ciwo, tallafin numfashi, gyaran jiki (physiotherapy/rehabilitation). Babu maganin kwayar cutar kai tsaye (antiviral). A Najeriya, ana samun wuraren gyaran jiki a manyan asibitoci na koyarwa.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Rigakafi — matakin da ya fi muhimmanci:
Allurar polio ta baki (OPV — Oral Polio Vaccine): Ana amfani da ita sosai a Najeriya saboda saukin bayarwa, farashin da ya fi sauki, da yadda ta ke ba da kariya a cikin hanji. Ana amfani da novel OPV type 2 (nOPV2) don yakar cVDPV2.
Allurar polio ta allura (IPV — Inactivated Polio Vaccine): NPHCDA ta hada IPV a cikin jadawalin rigakafin yara na yau da kullum.
Jadawalin NPHCDA: OPV-0 a haihuwa, OPV a makonni 6, 10, 14 tare da IPV a mako 14.
SIAs: Yakin neman allurar rigakafin polio na kara karfi — ana gudanar da su sau da yawa a shekara a Najeriya.
Muhimmin tarihi: Bayan dakatarwar rigakafin a 2003-2004 a Arewacin Najeriya, an koyi cewa hadin gwiwa da shugabannin addini da na al'umma yana da matukar muhimmanci.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Allura ta kara karfi ta IPV ga masu tafiya zuwa wuraren da kwayar cutar ke yaduwa. Takaddun shaida na rigakafin duniya (International Certificate of Vaccination — CIVP/ICV) na iya zama wajibi. Tsaftar baki-ciki (fecal-oral hygiene) mai tsanani. Masu tafiya zuwa Arewacin Najeriya: a tabbatar cewa an kammala rigakafin polio.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Afghanistan da Pakistan: kasashe biyu na karshe da ke da yaduwar kwayar cutar polio ta daji. Najeriya: shelantawa ba tare da polio ta daji ba tun 2020, amma tana da mafi yawan shari'o'in cVDPV a duniya — musamman cVDPV2 a jihohin Arewa (Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Zamfara). Sauran kasashen Yammacin Afirka: shari'o'in cVDPV a Niger, Chadi, Kamaru. NCDC da GPEI suna ci gaba da sa ido mai karfi.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Rashin allurar rigakafi (mafi muhimmancin haɗari), zama a ƙasashen da cutar ke yaɗuwa (Afghanistan, Pakistan), yankunan da ke da ƙarancin tsafta, ƙarancin yawan allurar rigakafi a al'umma, yara <5 shekaru, rashin ƙarfin rigakafi, tafiya zuwa yankunan da ke da cVDPV.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Gurguwa ta dindindin. Gazawar numfashi (nau'in bulbar: mutuwa 25–75%). Nakasa ta kasusuwa da haddi. Cutar bayan shan inna (Post-polio syndrome) — raunin tsoka, gajiya, da ciwo bayan shekaru da yawa.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Kamuwa ba tare da alamomi ba: 72% na marasa lafiya. Babu matsala.
Shan inna mai sauƙi (ƙaramar cuta): 24%. Cikakkiyar warkarwa.
Kumburin fatar ƙwaƙwalwa mara ƙwayoyin cuta: 1–5%. Cikakkiyar warkarwa cikin kwanaki 2–10.
Shan inna mai shanye gaɓoɓi: 0.5–1% na kamuwa.
CFR: 2–5% a yara, 15–30% a manya (shanyen tsokokin numfashi).
Shan inna na ƙwaƙwalwa (shafar ƙwaƙwalwar baya): CFR 25–75%.
Wani ɓangare ko cikakkiyar warkewar shanye a cikin 60% cikin watanni 6–12. Shanye da ya rage na dindindin ne.
Cutar bayan shan inna: 25–40% na waɗanda suka tsira daga shanyen shan inna suna haɓaka sabon raunin tsokoki, gajiya, da raguwar tsokoki shekaru 15–40 bayan haka.
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRarraba yanki da annobar da ke gudana
Recent epidemiological data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory.
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
And 15 more records
This data is provided for informational purposes. Please consult official WHO sources for the most current information.
View WHO data source →Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.
| Tuta | Ƙasa | Matakin haɗari |
|---|---|---|
 | Afghanistan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Pakistan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Chad | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Sudan |
| Haɗari mai girma |
 | South Sudan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Yemen | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Cameroon | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Niger | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Somalia | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Indonesia | Haɗari mai girma |
