Ciwon Hanta B (Hepatitis B)

Matakan cutar hanta B:

1. Lokacin ɓoye cuta: Kwanaki 45–180 (matsakaici kwanaki 60–90).
2. Matakin kamuwa ta ɗan lokaci:
   • Alamun farko (mako 1–2): gajiya, rashin sha'awar abinci, tashin zuciya, ciwon dama na ciki, ciwon gaɓoɓi.
   • Matakin rawaya: rawaya a cikin 30% na manya (ba kasafai a yara ba). Fitsarin duhu, kashin fari. ALT ya kai kololuwa 1,000–3,000 IU/L. Tsawon lokaci: wata 1–3.
   • Kamuwa ba tare da rawaya ba: ~70% na manya, sau da yawa ba a gano su ba.
3. Warkarwa ko zama na dindindin:
   • Manya: ɓacewar HBsAg cikin watanni 6 a cikin fiye da 95%. Samuwar anti-HBs na nuna warkarwa.
   • Zama na dindindin: HBsAg ya ci gaba fiye da watanni 6. Matakai: juriyar rigakafi → rigakafi mai aiki → mai ɗauke da cuta mara aiki → sake kunna (ci gaba daban-daban).
4. Matakan na dindindin: Cutar hanta mai HBeAg-tabbatacce → juyawar HBeAg → cutar hanta marar HBeAg → yanayin mai ɗauke da cuta mara aiki.

Jadawalin gwajin jini: HBsAg ya bayyana mako 1–10 bayan kamuwa, kafin alamomi. Anti-HBc IgM na nuna kamuwa ta ɗan lokaci. Anti-HBs na nuna warkarwa da rigakafi.

HBsAg (cuta mai aiki). Anti-HBs (kariya/rigakafi). Anti-HBc IgM/IgG. HBeAg. HBV-DNA. Duban ultrasound da gwajin AFP kowane wata 6 (binciken ciwon daji na hanta). Bayar da rahoto dole ne.

A yi allurar rigakafi kafin tafiya zuwa Najeriya da sauran kasashen Yammacin Afirka. Twinrix (Hepatitis A+B). A guji ayyukan likita a wuraren da ba a tabbatar da tsafta ba. A guji kayan aski na gargajiya.

Najeriya tana da kashi ~8–10% na kamuwa — daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Yammacin Afirka baki daya tana da yawan kamuwa mai girma. Ingancin rigakafin yara yana rage kamuwa cikin sabon tsara amma manya da yawa har yanzu suna dauke da cutar ba tare da sanin hakan ba.

Hasashen kamuwa ta ɗan lokaci: Fiye da 95% na manya masu ƙarfin rigakafi suna kawar da ƙwayar cutar da kansu. Mummunar cutar hanta tana faruwa a ƙasa da 1% na marasa lafiya amma tana da kashi 60–80% na mutuwa ba tare da dashen hanta ba.

Hasashen kamuwa na dindindin:

• Haɗarin zama na dindindin yana da alaƙa da shekarun kamuwa: 90% a jariran da aka haifa, 30% a yara masu shekaru 1–5, ƙasa da 5% a manya.

• Daga cikin masu ɗauke da ita na dindindin: 15–40% na haɓaka taurin hanta (cirrhosis), ciwon dajin hanta (HCC), ko gazawar hanta cikin shekaru da yawa.

• Haɗarin HCC: sau 100 fiye da al'ummar da ba su kamu ba. Yawan HCC na shekara-shekara a cikin masu cirrhosis: 2–5%.

• Da maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta (tenofovir, entecavir): an sami nasarar rage ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin fiye da 95%, akwai yiwuwar warkar da taurin hanta, haɗarin HCC ya ragu sosai amma bai ƙare ba.

Cikakkiyar warkarwa (ɓacewar HBsAg): An samu a ƙasa da 10% tare da maganin yanzu. HBV DNA na ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin cccDNA a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta har abada.