Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Hadarin ga matafiya na dan lokaci gabaɗaya yana da kadan. Hadarin yana karuwa tare da zaman da ya daɗe (>watanni 3), aikin kiwon lafiya, ko hulɗa ta kusa da al'ummar gida a kasashen da ke da yawan cutar. Ka yi la'akari da gwajin tarin fuka kafin da bayan tafiya. Allurar BCG tana da iyakacin inganci a manya.
Tarin fuka (tuberculosis/TB) cuta ce da ƙwayar Mycobacterium tuberculosis ke haifarwa. Ta fi shafar huhu amma tana iya shafar kowane sashe na jiki.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tari | 95% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Zazzabi | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 55% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gumi da dare | 70% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Raguwar nauyi | 65% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Fitar da jini ta tari | 20% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tari mai fitar da miyau | 80% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Matsewar ƙirji | 40% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 35% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Bushewar numfashi | 15% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon baya | 10% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rikicewa | 3% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 8% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Kumburin haɗin gaɓoɓi | 5% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Taurin wuya | 5% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Duhuwar fitsari | 3% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Gajiya | 75% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
| Kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph | 25% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
| Ciwon ciki | 8% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tarin fuka (Tuberculosis — TB) cutar kwayoyin cuta ce da Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacillus na Koch) ke haddasa ta. Ita ce cutar da ta fi kashe mutane daga kwayar cuta daya a duniya (mutuwar miliyan 1.25/shekara). Najeriya tana cikin kasashe 30 masu mafi girman nauyin TB a duniya — WHO ta kiyasta fiye da shari'o'i 440,000 na sabbin kamuwa a Najeriya a shekara. Hadin cutar TB da HIV yana da matukar hatsari — Najeriya tana da daya daga cikin mafi yawan TB/HIV co-infection a duniya. TB mai juriya ga magungunan farko (MDR-TB) yana karuwa. Allurar BCG a haihuwa tana cikin jadawalin NPHCDA. Cuta ce da dole a bayar da rahotonta.
Tofa jini (haemoptysis). Tari ≥mako 3 + zazzabin maraice + raguwar nauyi. Ciwon kai mai ci gaba + alamun sankarau (TB meningitis). Wahalar numfashi mai tsanani.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
TB na huhu: tari ≥mako 3 (babbar alamar farko), tofa jini (haemoptysis), zazzabin maraice, gumi na dare, raguwar nauyi. TB na waje huhu: a membrane din huhu (pleural), a glandin lymph, a kasusuwa (Pott's disease), a kwakwalwa (TB meningitis), a ko'ina (miliary TB). A Najeriya: duk wanda yake da tari ≥mako 2 ya kamata a gwada shi don TB (NTBLCP protocol).
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar tarin fuka:
Yaɗuwa: Marasa lafiya masu tabbataccen gwajin ƙura sun fi yaɗa cutar. Ikon yaɗuwa ya ragu sosai cikin makonni 2 na ingantaccen magani.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
GeneXpert MTB/RIF — gwajin da ake amfani da shi sosai a Najeriya (yana gano TB da juriya ga rifampicin cikin sa'o'i 2). Smear microscopy (AFB). Culture. Chest X-ray. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) ko IGRA (don latent TB). Najeriya ta samu GeneXpert machines a duk jihohi 36 + FCT ta hanyar NTBLCP da PEPFAR.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Tsarin HRZE/HR: watanni 2 na HRZE (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) + watanni 4 na HR (Isoniazid, Rifampicin). Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) — dole ne. MDR-TB: Bedaquiline, Linezolid, Levofloxacin (BPaL regimen). A Najeriya: NTBLCP (National TB and Leprosy Control Programme) yana ba da magani kyauta ta hanyar DOTS centres a ko'ina cikin kasa.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
BCG a haihuwa (jadawalin NPHCDA). Maganin latent TB infection (LTBI): Isoniazid watanni 6–9. Gano masu cutar da wuri da fara magani. A Najeriya: NTBLCP yana gudanar da active case finding musamman a tsakanin masu HIV, masu hulda da mai cutar TB, da kamammu.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Gwajin IGRA kafin da bayan tafiya mai tsawo (>watanni 3) zuwa Najeriya ko kasashen da suka fi fama da TB. Tari ≥mako 3 bayan tafiya: a gwada don TB. Ka guji cunkoson jama'a a wuraren da ba su da isasshen iska.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Najeriya: ta 6 a jerin kasashen da suka fi fama da TB a duniya. WHO ta kiyasta ~440,000 sabbin shari'o'i/shekara. Amma ana gano ~30–40% kawai (babban "gibi" — missing cases). TB/HIV: ~14% na masu TB a Najeriya suna da HIV. MDR-TB: ~4.3% na sabbin shari'o'i.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Lalacewar huhu na dindindin. Tofa jini mai tsanani. Cutar sauran gabobi (kasusuwa, kwakwalwa, koda). TB meningitis: mutuwa kashi 20–50%. MDR-TB: tsawon magani (watanni 9–20), kudin magani mafi girma. TB/HIV co-infection: hadari biyu suna ƙara hatsarin juna.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Tarin fuka mai ɓoyewa: Haɗarin sake kunna na 5–10% a cikin rayuwa ga mutane masu ƙarfin rigakafi. Magani da isoniazid (watanni 9) ko rifampin (watanni 4) yana rage haɗarin sake kunna da 60–90%.
Tarin fuka na huhu mai sauƙin magani:
Tare da maganin watanni 6 na yau da kullum (2HRZE/4HR): adadin warkarwa fiye da 95%.
Ba tare da magani ba: ~50% suna mutuwa cikin shekaru 5, ~25% suna warke da kansu, ~25% suna zama marasa lafiya na dindindin.
Tarin fuka mai juriyar magani:
MDR-TB (mai juriya ga isoniazid + rifampin): tsawon magani watanni 9–20, adadin warkarwa 50–75%.
XDR-TB: adadin warkarwa 30–50% tare da sabbin magunguna (bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid).
Tarin fuka a waje da huhu: Hasashen warkarwa ya danganta da wurin. Tarin fuka na ƙwaƙwalwa yana da mutuwa 20–30% da mummunar lalacewar jijiyoyi.
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRarraba yanki da annobar da ke gudana
Recent epidemiological data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory.
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
And 13 more records
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
This data is provided for informational purposes. Please consult official WHO sources for the most current information.
View WHO data source →Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.
| Tuta | Ƙasa | Matakin haɗari |
|---|---|---|
 | Afghanistan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Bangladesh | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Sierra Leone |
| Haɗari mai girma |
 | Cambodia | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Nigeria | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Vietnam | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Pakistan | Haɗari mai girma |
 | India | Haɗari mai girma |
 | North Korea | Haɗari mai girma |