Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Mai yaɗuwa sosai — ta hanyar iska da taɓawa. Manya marasa rigakafi da ke tafiya zuwa wuraren da ake fama da barkewar cutar suna cikin haɗari na musamman. Ana ba da shawarar rigakafi ga masu tafiya marasa rigakafi.
Cuta ta kwayar cuta mai yaduwa sosai da ke haifar da kuraje masu cike da ruwa.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabi | 70% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gajiya | 45% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ƙurji mai ƙumburi na ruwa | 100% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 30% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙaiƙayi | 95% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Varicella (agana) cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa da varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpesvirus na mutane ke haifarwa ta. Yaɗuwa ta hanyar iska (aerosol) da taɓa vesicles. Adadin kamuwa 90% ga mutanen da ba su da garkuwa da suka fuskanta. Galibi sauƙi ga yara masu lafiya; mafi haɗari ga manya, jarirai, mata masu juna biyu, da marasa garkuwa. VZV yana tsayawa a cikin ganglia na jijiyoyi kuma na iya tasowa a matsayin herpes zoster (shingles).
Musabbabin: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV, HHV-3). Yaɗuwa: Iska (aerosol) da taɓa — mai saurin yaɗuwa sosai. Mai yaɗuwa: Kwanaki 1–2 kafin ƙurji har dukan vesicles sun bushe (kwanaki 5–7). Shiryawa: Kwanaki 10–21 (yawanci 14–16). Adadin kamuwa: ~90% ga marasa garkuwa. CFR: <0.01% yara masu lafiya; 1–2% manya; 7–25% marasa garkuwa. Allurar rigakafi: Varivax (kashi 2) tasiri >90%.
Wahalar numfashi — ciwon huhu na varicella (musamman manya, mata masu juna biyu)
Encephalitis — ruɗewa, ataxia, farfaɗiya
Zubar jini na ƙurji/purpura — varicella na zubar jini (DIC)
Cellulitis/fasciitis mai saurin ci gaba — kamuwa na biyu na GAS
Ciwon ciki mai tsanani — hepatitis ko wasu matsaloli
Jarirai: Varicella na jarirai (mahaifiya ta kamu kwanaki 5 kafin zuwa kwanaki 2 bayan haihuwa) — CFR har 30% Cututtuka mafi tsanani ga mata masu juna biyu, jarirai, da marasa garkuwa.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Yara (galibi sauƙi): Ɗan zazzaɓi (37.5–39°C), gajiya, sannan ƙurjin da alamar ta bambanta: macula → papule → vesicle ("ɗigon raɓa akan petal na fure") → pustule → ƙaiƙayi. Ƙurji yana bayyana a kalaman, don haka dukan matakai suna nan a lokaci guda. Yawanci raunuka 200–500. Yana ƙaiƙayi sosai. Manya: Mafi tsanani — zazzaɓi mafi girma, raunuka da yawa, ciwon huhu na VZV (5–14%).
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Shaƙar VZV aerosol → Shiryawa kwanaki 10–21 → Viremia na farko (haɓakawa a ƙwayoyin lymph) → Viremia na biyu → Prodrome (kwanaki 1–2): Zazzaɓi, gajiya → Ƙurji (kwanaki 1–7): Kalaman na jere (macula→papule→vesicle→pustule→ƙaiƙayi), centripetal (jiki>gaɓoɓi) → Bushewar (kwanaki 5–7): Dukan vesicles sun bushe = ba mai yaɗuwa → VZV yana shiga ganglia na jijiyoyi = mai barci → Yiwuwar tasowa a matsayin herpes zoster daga baya.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Asibiti: Ganewa ta asibiti galibi ta isa — ƙurjin vesicular na musamman a kalaman cikin matakan daban-daban. PCR na ruwan vesicle — ma'aunin zinare; yana bambance VZV da HSV, variola, monkeypox. DFA (Direct Fluorescent Antibody): Mai sauri, matsakaicin inganci. Serologia: IgM (kamuwa na gaggawa); IgG (garkuwa). Noman kwayar cuta: Mai kyau ga 40–70% kawai; a hankali (kwanaki 5–14).
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Yara masu lafiya: Tallafawa — calamine, antihistamines ga ƙaiƙayi, paracetamol ga zazzaɓi. GUJI aspirin (haɗarin Reye syndrome). Antiviral ga masu haɗari: Acyclovir (ta baki 800mg sau 5/rana kwanaki 5–7 ga manya masu lafiya; IV 10mg/kg kowane sa'o'i 8 ga mai tsanani/marasa garkuwa). Fara cikin sa'o'i 24 na ƙurji. PEP: VZIG cikin sa'o'i 96 ga marasa garkuwa masu haɗari da suka fuskanta (jarirai, mata masu juna biyu, marasa garkuwa).
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar rigakafi — mai tasiri sosai: Kashi 2 (watanni 12–15, shekaru 4–6) tasiri >90% akan kamuwa, ~100% akan cutar mai tsanani. WHO: Ana ba da shawarar inda >80% na kamuwa ke faruwa ga manya. PEP: VZIG cikin sa'o'i 96 ga marasa garkuwa masu haɗari; allurar rigakafi cikin kwanaki 3–5 ga marasa haɗari. Keɓewa: Yara: Gida har dukan vesicles sun bushe. Marasa lafiyar asibiti: Keɓewar iska + taɓa.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Varicella tana ko'ina a duniya. Tabbatar cewa allurar rigakafin VZV kashi 2 kafin tafiya (musamman manya marasa garkuwa — galibi mutane daga ƙasashe masu zafi inda kamuwa na yara ba ta da yawa). Haɗarin musamman: Mata masu juna biyu marasa garkuwa (guji hulɗa da marasa lafiya). A ƙasashe marasa allurar rigakafi (tropiki), masu tafiya manya marasa garkuwa suna cikin haɗari. Bayan hulɗa: PEP cikin sa'o'i 96.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Kafin allurar rigakafi: cututtuka miliyan 4, kwanciyar asibiti 10,000, mutuwa 100–150/shekara a Amurka kadai. Allurar rigakafi (tun 1995 Amurka) ta rage cututtuka >90%, kwanciyar asibiti >95%, mutuwa >99%. A ƙasashe masu zafi ba tare da allurar rigakafi ba: Kololuwar kamuwa galibi ga manya (ba yara ba) — mafi haɗari. A duniya: Har yanzu cututtuka miliyan 140/shekara da mutuwa ~4,200.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin kamuwa: Rashin garkuwa (babu tarihin cutar ko allurar rigakafi), hulɗa da kusa da kesi (adadin kamuwa 90%), cunkoson cikin gida. Haɗarin cutar mai tsanani: Manya (fiye da yara), jarirai (musamman mahaifiya marar garkuwa), raunin garkuwar jiki (leukemia, HIV, steroids, dashen gaɓoɓi), juna biyu, shan taba (haɗarin ciwon huhu na VZV).
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Kamuwa na biyu na ƙwayar cuta: Mafi yawa ga yara (GAS/S. aureus cellulitis, fasciitis necrotising). Jijiyoyi: Cerebellar ataxia (1/4,000 yara — hasashe mai kyau), encephalitis (1/33,000 — CFR 5–10%), Reye syndrome (da aspirin). Huhu: Ciwon huhu na VZV (5–14% manya; CFR 10–30% ba tare da magani ba). Zubar jini: Varicella na zubar jini (purpura, DIC). Haihuwa: Syndrome na varicella na haihuwa (raguwar gaɓoɓi, tabo na fata, matsalolin ido/jijiyoyi). Herpes zoster: Tasowa na VZV daga baya a rayuwa (~30% haɗarin rayuwa).
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Yara masu lafiya: Kyakkyawan hasashe sosai; ƙurji yana warkewa kwanaki 7–10; matsaloli ba su da yawa. Manya: CFR 1–2% (25× fiye da yara); matsaloli 10–20×. Marasa garkuwa: CFR 7–25%; varicella mai yaɗuwa. Mata masu juna biyu: CFR na ciwon huhu na VZV har 40% (ba tare da magani ba); makonni 8–20: syndrome na varicella na haihuwa (2%). Herpes zoster yana faruwa ga ~30% na mutane masu VZV mai barci a rayuwarsu.
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniKun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.