Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
A'a
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Ba ta da yawa sosai a matafiya. Wuraren da cutar ke yaduwa sun hada da Madagascar, Jamhuriyyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, da sassan Yammacin Amurka. Ka guji hulda da berayen daji da kwarkwata. Idan ka samu zazzabi mai zafi kwatsam tare da kumburin gwaiwa mai zafi ko tari bayan yiwuwar fallasa, ka nemi taimakon gaggawa nan take.
Annoba (plague) cuta ce mai tsananin haɗari da ƙwayar Yersinia pestis ke haifarwa. Tana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon ƙuma ko taɓa dabbobi masu cutar.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabi | 95% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph | 85% | Mai tsanani | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 85% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 80% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 80% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 55% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Fitar da jini ta tari | 5% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zazzabi mai tsanani | 65% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Duhun fata | 12% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Matsewar ƙirji | 6% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tari | 15% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin hanta | 20% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙananan ɗigon jini | 15% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 8% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin saifa | 15% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Saurin bugun zuciya | 50% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 25% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Amai | 35% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zawo | 15% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 25% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rikicewa | 10% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Gajiya | 70% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
| Tashin zuciya | 45% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Annoba (Plague) cuta ce mai tsanani ta zoonotic da ƙwayar cuta Yersinia pestis ke haifarwa. Yaɗuwa ta hanyar cizon ƙuma (Xenopsylla cheopis), taɓa naman dabbobin da suka kamu, ko ɗigon numfashi (annabar huhu). Nau'oi uku: annabar ƙwanƙwaso (80–95%), annabar jini, da annabar huhu. Ba tare da magani ba: CFR 30–60% (ƙwanƙwaso), kusan 100% (huhu/jini). Da antibiotics <24h: CFR <10%.
Annoba (plague) cutar da kwayoyin cuta Yersinia pestis ke haifarwa. Nau'o'i uku: bubonic (kumburi na kumburin jiki — bubo), pneumonic (na huhu), da septicaemic (na jini). Cutar tana yaduwa ne daga beraye ta hanyar cizon ƙuda (flea). Cutar annoba ta pneumonic tana yaduwa kai tsaye daga mutum zuwa mutum ta iska — kuma tana kashewa cikin sa'o'i 24-72 ba tare da magani ba. A Najeriya: babu rahotannin cutar kwanan nan, amma a tarihi an samu cutar a Yammacin Afirka. Madagascar da Kongo sune kasashen da cutar ke fi yaduwa a Afirka a yau. Y. pestis na cikin kwayoyin cuta na 'Category A' na bioterrorism.
Annoba gaggawar likita ce — kowace sa'a ta jinkirta tana ƙara yawan mutuwa.
Ƙwayar lymph mai saurin girma, mai ciwo mai tsanani tare da zazzaɓi → annabar ƙwanƙwaso
Tari mai jini/ruwa + zazzaɓi → annabar huhu (ba tare da magani ba kusan 100% tana kashewa)
Zubar jini daga wurare da yawa (DIC) → annabar jini
Baƙar fata/gangrene na ƙarshen gaɓoɓi
Saurin faɗuwar hawan jini da girgiza Maganin antibiotics dole ya fara cikin sa'o'i 24. A ware marasa lafiyar annabar huhu nan da nan.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Annabar ƙwanƙwaso (80–95%): Zazzaɓi mai tsanani na kwatsam (38.5–41°C), ƙwayoyin lymph masu kumburin da ciwo mai tsanani (bubo, galibi a cinya, 2–10 cm), gajiya mai tsanani. Annabar jini: DIC tare da zubar jini, gangrene na ƙarshen gaɓoɓi. Annabar huhu: Mafi gajeren shiryawa (kwanaki 1–3), ciwon huhu mai saurin ci gaba tare da miyau mai jini, mutuwa cikin sa'o'i 18–24 ba tare da magani ba.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Annabar ƙwanƙwaso: Cizon ƙuma mai cutar → shiryawa kwanaki 2–6 → bubo na kwatsam, zazzaɓi mai tsanani → ba tare da magani ba kwanaki 5–10: girgizar sepsis, mutuwa 30–60%. Da antibiotics: inganta sa'o'i 24–72. Annabar huhu: Shaƙar ɗigon numfashi → shiryawa kwanaki 1–3 → zazzaɓi, miyau mai jini → gazawar numfashi da mutuwa sa'o'i 18–96 ba tare da antibiotics ba. Annabar jini: DIC, gangrene na ƙarshen gaɓoɓi cikin sa'o'i.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Kada a jinkirta magani. Noman ƙwayar cuta (ma'aunin zinare): Jini, ruwan bubo, miyau; Y. pestis tana girma akan matsakaicin yanayi na 28°C; sa'o'i 48–72. Gwajin gaggawa na F1 antigen (RDT): Sakamako cikin minti 15, inganci 85–100%. PCR: Inganci da musamman mai girma, sa'o'i 2–4. Serologia: Anti-F1 antibodies (ELISA); ƙaruwar ninka 4 tana tabbatarwa; na baya kawai.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Antibiotics na farko: Gentamicin 5mg/kg IV/IM sau 1/rana (WHO/CDC), Streptomycin 1g IM sau 2/rana. Madadin: Doxycycline 100mg sau 2/rana (sauƙin annabar ƙwanƙwaso), Ciprofloxacin 500–750mg sau 2/rana. Tsawon lokaci: kwanaki 10–14. Tallafawa: ICU ga annabar jini/huhu, ruwan jijiya, kula DIC. PEP: Doxycycline 100mg sau 2/rana kwanaki 7 ga masu hulɗa da kusa. Annabar huhu: Ware da ɗigon numfashi, sanarwa nan da nan.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Babu allurar rigakafi a yanzu. Kariyar kai: Guji taɓa beraye na daji, DEET da permethrin akan ƙuma, kada a riƙa gawar beraye, yi wa dabbobin gida (musamman kuliyoyi!) maganin ƙuma. Muhalli: Gidajen da ba beraye suka iya shiga ba, kula da shara. Muhimmi: A fara yaƙin ƙuma KAFIN yaƙin beraye. PEP: Doxycycline/ciprofloxacin kwanaki 7 ga masu hulɗa da kusa.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Haɗari ga mafi yawan masu tafiya ƙanƙanta ce sosai. Yankunan cutar: Madagaska (mafi yawan nauyi, yanayi Sat–Afr), DRC, Peru, Kudu-Yammacin Amurka, Myanmar, China. Ayyukan haɗari: Zango a wuraren beraye, taɓa namun daji. Babu allurar rigakafi. Ɗauka DEET da permethrin. Bayan tafiya: Da zazzaɓi, kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph mai ciwo ko alamomin numfashi cikin kwanaki 10 nemi likita nan da nan.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
WHO: cututtuka 1,000–3,000/shekara a duniya. Afirka >90%, musamman Madagaska (cututtuka 200–700/shekara) da DRC. Yankunan cutar a Asiya (Myanmar, China), Kudancin Amurka (Peru, Bolivia), Amurka (Kudu-Yamma). Madagaska 2017: Cututtuka 2,348 (galibi annabar huhu), mutuwa 202 — yaɗuwar birane ba a taɓa gani ba. Yanayi: lokutan dumi-ɗanshi.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin fallasa: Zama a yankunan cutar, taɓa beraye na daji, fuskantar ƙuma, dabbobin gida (kuliyoyi suna yaɗa annoba kai tsaye!), kwanciya a waje, aikin noma/kiwo. Haɗarin annabar huhu: Hulɗa ta kusa (<2m) da marasa lafiyar annabar huhu. Haɗarin cuta mai tsanani: Jinkirtar magani >sa'o'i 24 (mafi muhimmancin dalili), nau'in huhu/jini, raunin garkuwar jiki.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Girgizar sepsis tare da ƙasƙantar hawan jini, gazawar gaɓoɓi da yawa (>50% mutuwa duk da ICU). DIC: Daskarewar jini da zubar jini a lokaci guda, gangrene na ƙarshen gaɓoɓi — asalin sunan "Baƙar Mutuwa" — yanke gaɓoɓi ga waɗanda suka tsira. Meningitis na annoba (~6%): Tana buƙatar chloramphenicol. ARDS: A cikin annabar huhu. Matsalolin na tsayi: Yanke gaɓoɓi, PTSD, cutar koda mai tsayi.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Da maganin antibiotics <24h: Annabar ƙwanƙwaso CFR <5–10%, inganta cikin sa'o'i 48–72. Annabar jini: CFR 20–40% duk da magani. Annabar huhu: CFR 30–60% da jinkirta >sa'o'i 18–24; <5% da maganin gaggawa. Ba tare da magani ba: Ƙwanƙwaso 30–60%, jini/huhu ~100%. Warwarewa: Zazzaɓi ya rage kwanaki 2–5; bubo makonni 1–3. Mafi girman alamar hasashe: jinkirtar magani.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniKun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.