Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Ka tabbatar da allurar karfafawa ta tetanus na yanzu (kowace shekara 10, ko shekara 5 don raunuka masu hadari). Hadari yana nan a duniya baki daya daga raunuka masu gurbata, cizon dabbobi, da hanyoyin likita marasa tsabta. Ka dauki kayan aikin kulawa da rauni lokacin tafiya zuwa wurare masu nisa.
Ciwon sandamarau (tetanus) cuta ce mai haɗari da ƙwayar Clostridium tetani ke haifarwa. Gubar da ta ke fitarwa tana sa tsokoki su yi taurin kai mai raɗaɗi.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Murmushi na sardoni | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Maƙalƙashin muƙamuƙi (trismus) | 90% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Wahalar haɗiya | 60% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Taurin wuya | 70% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon baya | 50% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 55% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Saurin fushi | 35% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Taurin tsoka | 90% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ɓacin tsoka | 80% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Opisthotonus | 50% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zufa mai yawa | 40% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 25% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 30% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Saurin bugun zuciya | 50% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zazzabi | 40% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Farfaɗiya | 5% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Gajiya | 40% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Cutar tari (tetanus) cuta ce mai tsanani da Clostridium tetani ke haddasa ta, ƙwayar cuta ta anaerobic da ke samar da tetanospasmin — ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfin guba da aka sani. Ƙwayar cutar tana shiga ta hanyar raunuka. Cutar tana haifar da tsananin taurin tsokoki da farfaɗiya. CFR 10–70% ma'a tare da kulawa mai tsanani. Cutar tari ta jarirai tana kashe jarirai ~25,000/shekara. Ana iya hana ta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar allurar rigakafi.
Tarin tsoka (Tetanus) cutar da guba (toxin) mai suna tetanospasmin daga kwayar Clostridium tetani ke haddasa ta. Kashin kwayar cutar (spores) suna ko'ina a cikin kasa. Ba ta yaduwa daga mutum zuwa mutum kuma ba ta ba da kariya ta dabi'a. Tetanus na jarirai (neonatal tetanus) har yanzu yana kashe jarirai a Arewacin Najeriya musamman a yankunan karkara inda ba a haifi yara a asibiti ba kuma ba a yi wa uwaye allurar rigakafi ba. NPHCDA ta hada allurar tetanus toxoid (TT/Td) a cikin jadawalin rigakafin mata masu ciki. A Najeriya, kawar da tetanus na jarirai ya kasance buri na kasa.
Taurin muƙamuƙi + tashin tsokoki bayan rauni. Wahalar numfashi. Lanƙwasawar baya. Ana buƙatar kulawar ICU nan take.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Lokacin kwanciyar cuta: Kwanaki 3–21. Taurin muƙamuƙi (trismus/lockjaw), murmushi mai ban tsoro (risus sardonicus), taurin tsoka a ko'ina, lanƙwasawar baya (opisthotonus), ciwon tashin tsokoki da ake iya haifar da su ta hanyar sauti ko haske, rashin aiki na jijiyoyin kai (autonomic dysfunction). Na jarirai: wahalar shayarwa, taurin jiki, tashin tsokoki.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar tetanus (na gabaɗaya):
Tetanus na wuri ɗaya: Taurin jiki na iyakance ga tsokokin da ke kusa da raunin. Na iya ci gaba zuwa nau'in gabaɗaya.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Binciken asibiti ne — ba a buƙatar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatarwa. Tarihin rauni + rashin rigakafi + alamun tarin tsoka = isasshe. A yi la'akari da tetanus a duk wanda yake da taurin muƙamuƙi da tashin tsokoki.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Gaggawa — ana buƙatar ICU. Immunoglobulin na tetanus (TIG). Tsaftace rauni (debridement). Metronidazole IV. Benzodiazepines don rage tashin tsokoki. Magnesium sulfate IV. Tallafin numfashi (ventilator). A yi wa mai cuta allurar rigakafi yayin da yake asibiti (saboda cutar ba ta ba da kariya ta dabi'a).
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Rigakafi: DTPa a yara + Td kowane shekaru 10. Tdap ga mata masu ciki (a kowane daukar ciki). Rigakafi bayan rauni ya danganta da tarihin rigakafi da nau'in rauni. Kawar da tetanus na jarirai: rigakafin mata masu ciki + haihuwa mai tsafta (clean delivery). A Najeriya: NPHCDA tana gudanar da yakin TT ga mata masu haihuwa a yankunan da suka fi fama.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
A tabbatar an yi allura ta kara karfi (booster) kafin tafiya zuwa yankunan karkara na Najeriya ko Yammacin Afirka. A ɗauki magungunan farko (first aid) don raunuka. Tuna: kasa da kayan aikin noma suna iya dauke da kwayar cutar.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Najeriya tana daga cikin kasashen da suka fi fama da tetanus na jarirai a duniya. Jihohin Arewa — musamman Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto — suna da shari'o'i masu yawa saboda haihuwa a gida ba tare da tsafta ba da rashin rigakafin uwaye.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Rashin allurar rigakafi ko allurar da ba ta cika ba (mafi muhimmancin haɗari), raunuka masu ƙazanta (ƙasa, najasa, tsatsa), ƙonewar jiki, raunukan da suka lalace, amfani da allurai (IDU), haihuwa marar tsafta (cutar tari ta jarirai), tsofaffi (rigakafi ya ragu).
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Karye kasusuwa saboda tsananin tashin tsokoki. Aspiration pneumonia. Gazawar numfashi. Matsaloli na jijiyoyin kai (tachycardia, hawan jini/fadin jini). Mutuwa: kashi 10–70% ya danganta da tsananin cuta da samuwar ICU. A Arewacin Najeriya inda ICU ke da wuya, kashi na mutuwa ya fi girma.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Tare da kulawar ICU na zamani: CFR 10–20%.
Ba tare da kulawar ICU ba (wuraren da ba su da kayan aiki): CFR 40–60%.
Tetanus na jariri: CFR 80–90% ba tare da magani ba, 10–50% tare da magani.
Rarraba tsanani bisa ga Ablett: Mataki na I (mai sauƙi) zuwa Mataki na IV (mai tsanani ƙwarai) bisa ga taurin muƙamuƙa, tashin ciwon jiki, da matsalar tsarin jijiyoyin da ke aiki da kansu.
Tsufan shekaru, gajartaccen lokacin ɓoye cuta (ƙasa da kwanaki 7), da gajartaccen lokaci tsakanin farawa da tashin ciwon jiki (ƙasa da sa'o'i 48) suna nuna mummunan sakamako.
Warkarwa tana da jinkiri: makonni 2–4 ga marasa sauƙi, watanni ga mummunan yanayi. Cikakkiyar warkarwa na iya yiwuwa.
Tetanus BA ya ba da rigakafi — ana buƙatar allurar rigakafi bayan warkarwa.
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRecent epidemiological data from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory.
Source: WHO GHO OData ↗
This data is provided for informational purposes. Please consult official WHO sources for the most current information.
View WHO data source →Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.