Bayanin gabaɗaya
Cutar da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i da ta fi yaduwa a duniya; HPV mai haɗari yana haifar da ciwon daji.
Alamomi
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gyambon al'aura | 10% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ƙaiƙayi | 5% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph | 3% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
Hanyoyin yaduwa
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Kamuwar HPV (Human Papillomavirus) kwayoyin cutar DNA na dangin Papillomaviridae ne suke haifarwa ta. Fiye da nau'oi 200; ~40 suna kamuwa da yankin al'aura. Nau'oin haɗari mai girma (HPV-16, 18) suna haifar da ~70% na ciwon dajin mahaifa kuma suna da alaƙa da ciwon dajin maƙogwaro, dubura, azzakari, da farji. Nau'oin haɗari mai ƙasa (HPV-6, 11) suna haifar da >90% na warts na al'aura.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Musabbabin: HPV nau'oi >200; nau'oi 16/18 (haɗari mai girma, ~70% ciwon dajin mahaifa); nau'oi 6/11 (haɗari mai ƙasa, warts). Yaɗuwa: Taɓar fata-zuwa-fata lokacin jima'i. Kamuwa: Mafi yawan kamuwar da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i a duniya; 80%+ na mutane masu ayyukan jima'i suna kamu a rayuwarsu. Allurar rigakafi: 9-valent (Gardasil 9) tasiri >90%. Nauyi: Mutuwar ciwon dajin mahaifa ~340,000/shekara.
Alamomin gaggawa
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Zubar jini mai yawa daga al'aura — ciwon dajin mahaifa da ya ci gaba
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Ciwon ƙashin baya/ƙugu marar bayani — cutar da ta bazu
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Toshewar hanyar numfashi — papillomatosis na numfashi (yara)
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Jini a cikin fitsari ko zubar jini na dubura — ciwon daji na mafitsara ko dubura da HPV ke da alaƙa da shi HPV kanta da wuya ta haifar da gaggawa; matsalolin da suka shafi ciwon daji suna buƙatar bincike na gaggawa.
Cikakkun alamomi
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Mafi yawa: Kamuwa ba tare da alamomi ba — >90% suna ragewa kansu cikin shekaru 2. Warts na al'aura (HPV-6/11): Girma mai launin nama ko toka, kamar cauliflower, a al'aura/dubura; ba su da ciwo, na iya dawowa. Canje-canje kafin ciwon daji (HPV-16/18): CIN 1–3, VIN, AIN — galibi ba tare da alamomi ba; ana gano su ta hanyar bincike. Ciwon dajin mahaifa: Zubar jini ba bisa ƙa'ida ba; galibi a matakai na ƙarshe.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Tafiyar cuta
Kamuwa ta hanyar taɓar fata → HPV suna shiga ƙwayoyin tushe na epithelium ta hanyar yanka → Lokacin shiryawa makonni zuwa watanni → Mafi yawa: Garkuwar jiki tana rage kwayar cutar watanni 6–24. Ci gaba kafin ciwon daji (~10% na kamuwar da suka ci gaba): Dysplasia mai ƙasa (CIN1) → dysplasia mai girma (CIN2/3) → ciwon daji cikin shekaru 10–20. HPV-16 yana da mafi girman haɗarin ci gaba.
Binciken cuta
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Binciken mahaifa: Pap smear (cytology) da/ko gwajin HPV DNA — ana ba da shawarar fara daga shekaru 21–30. Gwajin HPV DNA/RNA: Na PCR; yana gano nau'oin haɗari mai girma; binciken farko daga shekaru 30. Colposcopy + biopsy: Ga sakamako mara kyau. Warts na al'aura: Ganewa ta asibiti (kallo kawai). Babu gwajin jini na HPV.
Magani
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Warts na al'aura: Mai haƙuri: Imiquimod 5% cream, podofilox 0.5%. Likita: Cryotherapy, trichloroacetic acid, yanke, laser. Galibi suna dawowa (20–30%). Canje-canje kafin ciwon daji (CIN 2/3): LEEP/conization, cryotherapy. Ciwon dajin mahaifa: Tiyata, radiation, chemotherapy gwargwadon matakin. Babu maganin antiviral ga HPV kanta — garkuwar jiki ce ke rage kwayar cutar. Allurar rigakafi BA TA MAGANCE kamuwa da ta riga ta faru.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Cikakkun bayanin rigakafi
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar rigakafi — mafi muhimmancin mataki: 9-valent Gardasil (nau'oi 6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52,58) tasiri >90%. WHO: kashi 1–2 ga shekaru 9–14 (kafin fara jima'i); catch-up har 26. Bincike: Pap/HPV kowane shekaru 3–5 daga 21–30. Condom: Yana rage haɗari 60–70% (ba ya hana gaba ɗaya). Rashin shan taba: Shan taba yana ƙara ci gaban CIN. Burin WHO: Kawar da ciwon dajin mahaifa (90% allurar rigakafi, 70% bincike, 90% magani nan da 2030).
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Shawarar tafiya
HPV tana ko'ina a duniya kuma ba ta da alaƙa da takamaiman tafiya. Tabbatar cewa allurar rigakafin HPV ta cika kafin doguwar tafiya. Yi amfani da condom ga sabbin hulɗar jima'i. Mata su ci gaba da jadawalin binciken mahaifa. Babu takamaiman haɗarin tafiya, amma ƙarancin samun lafiya a wasu ƙasashe na iya jinkirta ganowa.
Yaya yawancinta?
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Mafi yawan kamuwar da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i a duniya. Kamuwa: ~80%+ na mutane masu ayyukan jima'i suna kamu a rayuwarsu. Ciwon dajin mahaifa: Cututtuka ~660,000 da mutuwa ~340,000/shekara; >85% a ƙasashen da ba su da yawan kuɗi. Ciwon daji na 4 ga mata a duniya. HPV kuma yana haifar da ciwon dajin maƙogwaro (yana hauhawa cikin sauri a ƙasashen Yamma), dubura, azzakari, da farji.
Dalilan haɗari
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin kamuwa: Abokan jima'i da yawa (mafi girman haɗari), fara jima'i da wuri, tarihin STI, raunin garkuwar jiki (HIV yana ƙara haɗari 5×), rashin kaciya. Haɗarin ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji: Kamuwar HPV-16/18 mai dawwama, shan taba (2× haɗarin CIN3+), raunin garkuwar jiki, yawan haihuwa, amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na baki na tsayi (>shekaru 5).
Cikakkun bayanan matsaloli
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Ciwon daji: Mahaifa (mafi yawa), maƙogwaro (HPV-16 ~70%), dubura, farji, vulva, azzakari — jimlar cututtuka ~690,000 da HPV ke da alaƙa da su/shekara. Warts na al'aura: Masu dawowa, tasiri na tunani, maganin da yake da tsada. Juna biyu: Warts na iya girma cikin sauri; da wuya sosai papillomatosis na numfashi na jarirai. Raunin garkuwa: Warts masu dawwama/manya, haɗarin ciwon daji mafi girma.
Murmurewa da hasashe
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Kamuwa: >90% suna ragewa kansu cikin shekaru 2. Warts: Suna ragewa kansu ~30–50% cikin watanni 6–12; magani yana taimakawa. Ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji: ~10% na kamuwar nau'oin haɗari mai girma da suka ci gaba na iya ci gaba zuwa ciwon daji cikin shekaru 10–20. Ciwon dajin mahaifa: Matakin farko: tsira na shekaru 5 >90%; matakin ƙarshe: <20%. Allurar rigakafi ta rage kamuwar HPV-16/18 >80% a ƙasashe masu shirye-shirye.