Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
A'a
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Ana daukar ta ta hanyar cizon kudan yashi, musamman a magariba/dare. Ka yi amfani da maganin korar kwari da gidan sauro a yankunan da cutar ke yaduwa (Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka). Nau'in fata ya fi yawa a matafiya. Ka nemi bincike don miki na fata da ba sa warkewa bayan tafiya.
Leishmaniasis cuta ce da parasites na Leishmania ke haifarwa, ƙudan yashi (sandfly) ke yaɗa ta. Tana da nau'i uku: na fata, na ciki (visceral/kala-azar), da na ƙwayar mucosa.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gajiya | 85% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zazzabi | 95% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Toshewar hanci | 90% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 70% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 80% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Kumburin jiki | 20% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gyambon fata | 85% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin saifa | 95% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin hanta | 80% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar nauyi | 90% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Wahalar haɗiya | 30% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jini | 60% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Gumi da dare | 40% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tari | 15% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zawo | 20% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙaiƙayi | 15% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙananan ɗigon jini | 25% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 5% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Shanƙe | 10% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
Leishmaniasis cuta ce ta parasitic da ƙudaje irin sandfly mace masu ɗauke da cutar (Phlebotomus/Lutzomyia) ke yaɗawa, da protozoa na dangin Leishmania suke haifarwa. Nau'oi uku: visceral (kala-azar, kusan koyaushe tana kashewa ba tare da magani ba), cutaneous (mafi yawa), da mucocutaneous. Sabbin cututtuka 700,000–miliyan 1/shekara a ƙasashe 98, mutuwa 26,000–65,000/shekara.
Leishmaniasis cutar da kwayoyin cuta Leishmania ke haifarwa. Yaduwa: cizon kudan yashi (sandfly, nau'in Phlebotomus) — ƙananan kwari ne da ke cizo musamman da yamma da daddare. A Najeriya: cutar fata ta leishmaniasis (cutaneous leishmaniasis, CL) tana yaduwa ne a jihohin Arewa maso gabas — Borno, Yobe, da Adamawa — inda kudan yashi ke da yawa a yankunan hamada da sahel. An samu rahotannin barkewar cutar a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Borno (rikicin Boko Haram ya kara yaduwar cutar). Cutar cikin gida ta leishmaniasis (visceral leishmaniasis, VL — kala-azar): ba ta yawaita a Najeriya ba amma tana yaduwa a kasashen gabashin Afirka (Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya). Ba tare da magani ba, mutuwar VL kusan kashi 90%. Babu allurar rigakafi.
Zazzaɓi mai tsayi da hepatosplenomegaly mai girma — ana zargin VL
Ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini mai tsanani (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) — haɗarin kamuwa/zubar jini
Zubar jini marar iko — thrombocytopenia a cikin VL
Wahalar numfashi (anemia mai tsanani, ciwon huhu na biyu)
Saurin lalacewar fuska/hanci — mucocutaneous VL tana kashewa >95% ba tare da magani ba — fara magani cikin gaggawa.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Cutar fata (CL): gyambo/miki maras ciwon da ke da gefen da ya tashi (ulcer with raised border) — galibi a fuska, hannaye, ko kafafu; yana bayyana ne makonni zuwa watanni bayan cizon kudan yashi; zai iya warkewa da kansa amma yana barin tabo. Cutar cikin gida (VL/kala-azar): zazzabi mai tsawo da ba ya sauka da magani, kumburi na saifa mai girma (massive splenomegaly), kumburi na hanta, raguwar nauyi mai tsanani, karancin dukkan jini (pancytopaenia — karancin farin jini, jajayen jini, da platelets).
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Cizon ƙudaje masu cutar → Promastigotes suna shiga macrophage → Canzawa zuwa amastigotes → Haɓakawa a cikin ƙwayoyin → VL: Yaɗuwa zuwa safara, hanta, ƙashi cikin makonni-watanni → Zazzaɓi, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia mai ci gaba → Mutuwa cikin shekaru 2 ba tare da magani ba. CL: Parasites suna tsayawa a fata → Tabo → Ƙurje → Warkewa da tabo. MCL: Yaɗuwa zuwa jijiyoyin hanci/maƙogwaro watanni-shekaru daga baya.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
VL: Gwajin gaggawa na rK39 (inganci 90–97%, musamman 92–100%) — ma'aunin zinaren filin; microscopy/noma na ƙashi/safara/ƙwayoyin lymph. PCR: Mafi girman inganci. CL: Microscopy da noma na biopsy na ƙurje; PCR. DAT (Direct Agglutination Test): Inganci mai girma ga VL. Eosinophilia BABU — bambanci da yawancin cututtukan parasitic.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
CL: sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) ko meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) — allura tsawon kwanaki 20. Amphotericin B ga cututtukan da ba su amsa magani ba. A wasu lokutan CL yana warkewa da kansa cikin watanni 6-12. VL: Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) — maganin farko na WHO ga VL; allura guda daya ko kadan tana iya warkar da cutar. Miltefosine (magani na baki) — madadin. Combination therapy (sodium stibogluconate + paromomycin) a gabashin Afirka.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Kariya daga cizon kudan yashi: gidan sauro mai rami mai kankaninta (fine-mesh net — kudan yashi ya fi sauro kankaninta), DEET a fata da yamma/daddare, permethrin a tufafi da gidan sauro. Sauya yanayin gida: toshe ramukan gida inda kudan yashi ke shiga, fesa maganin kwari a dakuna. Babu allurar rigakafi. A yankunan rikici (Borno): UNHCR/WHO suna rarraba gidan sauro da magungunan fesa.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Haɗari: Kudancin Asiya (India, Bangladesh, Nepal ga VL), Gabas ta Tsakiya (CL), Gabashin Afirka (VL), Kudanci da Tsakiyar Amurka (CL/MCL). Mafi yawan masu tafiya suna samun CL bayan ziyartar yankunan daji. Yi amfani da maganin sauro, gidajen sauro na gado (<0.6mm), tufafin rufe da dare. Bayan dawowa: Ƙuraje na fata da ba su warke cikin makonni 2 ba — nemi likita ka ambaci yankin tafiya.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
VL: Sabbin cututtuka 50,000–90,000/shekara; >90% a India, Bangladesh, Sudan, Kudancin Sudan, Ethiopia, Brazil. CL: Cututtuka 600,000–1M/shekara; galibi a Afghanistan, Brazil, Iran, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Syria. MCL: Galibi Kudancin Amurka (L. braziliensis). Yanayi: VL tana raguwa India/Bangladesh (burin kawarwa); CL tana ƙaruwa saboda rikici (Syria, Afghanistan).
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin fallasa: Zama/tafiya yankunan cutar, ayyuka a waje da dare (lokacin da ƙudaje suka fi aiki), gidaje marasa kyau (gidajen laka/ciyawa), rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cunkoson jama'a. Cutar mai tsanani (VL): Kamuwa tare da HIV (haɗari 100–2,300× na VL), raunin garkuwar jiki, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, shekaru <5 ko >50, hijira/gudun hijira.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
VL: Kamuwa na biyu (ciwon huhu, TB — babbar sanadin mutuwa), zubar jini mai tsanani, PKDL (5–20%, ƙuraje na fata bayan magani, wurin ajiye cutar), VL-HIV (sakamakon da ba shi da kyau, dawowa akai-akai). CL: Manyan tabo na fuska, kyama ta zamantakewa. MCL: Rushewar septum na hanci, lalacewar fuska, wahalar numfashi/haɗiya. Magani: Gubar antimonials (zuciya, pancreas).
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
VL ba tare da magani ba: CFR >95% cikin shekaru 2, galibi saboda kamuwar biyu ko zubar jini. VL tare da magani: Adadin warwarewa 90–95%. Dawowa 1–10% (har 60% a VL-HIV). PKDL yana faruwa 5–20% bayan magani. Cutaneous: Yana warkewa kansa watanni 2–18, amma da tabo. Mucocutaneous: Cutar da ke ci gaba da lalacewa; ba ta warkewa kanta ba.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniKun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.