Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Mura tana yaɗuwa duk shekara a yankunan wurare masu zafi. Wuraren tafiya masu cunkoson jama'a suna ƙara haɗari. Ana ba da shawarar rigakafi na shekara-shekara kafin tafiya.
Cutar numfashi mai tsanani da ke yaduwa cikin sauri wadda kwayoyin cutar influenza A da B ke haifarwa.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabi | 95% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 85% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 85% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Tari | 75% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gajiya | 80% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 90% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Toshewar hanci | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 30% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zubar hanci | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon maƙogwaro | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ƙarancin numfashi | 15% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
Mura (influenza) cuta ce mai tsanani ta numfashi da kwayoyin cutar influenza na dangin Orthomyxoviridae suke haifarwa. Nau'oi biyu suna haifar da cututtukan yanayi: influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) da influenza B. Yaɗuwa ta hanyar ɗigon numfashi da aerosol. WHO tana ƙididdige kamuwa biliyan 1, cututtuka masu tsanani miliyan 3–5, da mutuwar numfashi 290,000–650,000 a kowace shekara.
Musabbabin: Kwayoyin cutar Influenza A da B. Yaɗuwa: Ɗigon numfashi, aerosol, fomites. Shiryawa: Kwanaki 1–4 (yawanci 2). Tsawon lokaci: Kwanaki 3–7 ga mafi yawa. CFR: <0.1% baki ɗaya; 2–3% ga waɗanda aka kwantar da su asibiti. Ƙungiyoyin haɗari: Tsofaffi (≥65), yara <5, mata masu juna biyu, cututtuka masu tsayi (zuciya, ciwon sukari, huhu, garkuwa). Kariya: Allurar rigakafin shekara-shekara ita ce mafi muhimmancin mataki.
Wahalar numfashi — ciwon huhu, ARDS
Ciwon ƙirji mai dawwama
Ruɗewa ko raguwar hankali
Amai marar tsayawa — haɗarin rashin ruwa
Zazzaɓin da ya dawo bayan inganta — kamuwar biyu ta ƙwayar cuta
Shuɗin leɓuna/ƙusoshi (cyanosis)
Yara: Saurin numfashi, ƙin sha, farfaɗiyar zazzaɓi Nemi magani na gaggawa ga kowace ƙungiyar haɗari da waɗannan alamomin.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Yau da kullum: Zazzaɓi na kwatsam (38–40°C), sanyi, ciwon kai, ciwon tsokoki, gajiya mai tsanani, tari mai bushewa, ciwon maƙogwaro, cunkushewar hanci. Warwarewa kwanaki 5–7. Mai tsanani: Ciwon huhu na kwayar cuta (kwanaki 2–5), ciwon huhu na biyu na ƙwayar cuta (kwanaki 5–10), ƙaruwar cututtuka masu tsayi. Yara: Galibi zazzaɓi mafi tsanani, amai/zawo, ciwon kunne. Gajiya na iya ɗauka makonni 2–4 bayan warwarewa.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Shaƙar ɗigo/aerosol → Shiryawa kwanaki 1–4 → Fara da kwatsam: Zazzaɓi, ciwon tsokoki, tari; yaɗuwa mafi girma kwanaki 1–3 → Kololuwa (kwanaki 2–4): Alamomi sun fi tsanani → Warwarewa (kwanaki 5–7): Zazzaɓi ta ragu, alamomin numfashi suna raguwa a hankali → Gajiyar na tsayi makonni 2–4. Matsaloli: Ciwon huhu na biyu na ƙwayar cuta yawanci kwanaki 5–10. Yanayi: Lokacin sanyi a matsakaicin yanayi, dukan shekara a tropiki.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
Gwajin gaggawa na antigen (RIDT): Sakamako minti 15; inganci mai ƙasa (50–70%). RT-PCR: Ma'aunin zinare; sakamako sa'o'i 2–4; na musamman ga nau'i da nau'in ƙanana. Gwajin gaggawa na molecular: Kamar Xpert Flu; inganci mai girma, sa'a 1. Noman kwayar cuta: Kwanaki 3–7; muhimmi ga kulawa. Mafi kyawun sampuli: Swab na nasopharyngeal ko aspirate cikin kwanaki 3 bayan alamomi.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Antiviral: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) 75mg sau 2/rana kwanaki 5 — mafi tasiri cikin sa'o'i 48 amma a ba ga cututtuka masu tsanani ko da jinkirta. Zanamivir (na shaƙa), baloxavir (kashi ɗaya ta baki). Tallafawa: Hutawa, ruwan sha, paracetamol/ibuprofen ga zazzaɓi da ciwo. Guji: Aspirin ga yara <18 (haɗarin Reye syndrome). Antiviral da wuri ga dukan ƙungiyoyin haɗari, marasa lafiyar asibiti, da ciwon huhu.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar rigakafin shekara-shekara — mafi muhimmancin matakin kariya; tasiri 40–60% gwargwadon daidaiton nau'i. Ana ba da shawarar ga: tsofaffi ≥65, yara 6w–5sh, mata masu juna biyu, cututtuka masu tsayi, ma'aikatan lafiya. Tsafta: Wanke hannaye akai-akai, rufe tari, guji taɓa fuska. Rigakafin antiviral: Oseltamivir ga mutanen da suka fuskanta marasa allurar rigakafi masu haɗari.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Mura tana yawo dukan shekara a duniya. Samu allurar rigakafi aƙalla makonni 2 kafin tafiya. Yanayi: Arewacin Hemisphere Nuw–Afr, Kudancin Hemisphere Afr–Sat, tropiki dukan shekara. Ɗauki sanitizer na hannaye, sa abin rufe fuska a wuraren cunkoson jama'a lokacin annoba. Bayan dawowa: Da zazzaɓi/alamomin numfashi cikin kwanaki 1–4 — hutawa, ruwan sha, ka nemi likita idan alamomin gaggawa.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Nauyin duniya: Kamuwa biliyan 1, cututtuka masu tsanani miliyan 3–5, mutuwa 290,000–650,000/shekara. Annoba na yanayi kowace shekara; annoba ta duniya kowane shekaru 10–50 (1918 H1N1, 1957 H2N2, 1968 H3N2, 2009 H1N1pdm09). Antigenic drift yana haifar da annoba na yanayi; antigenic shift yana haifar da annoba ta duniya. Kulawa ta duniya: Tsarin GISRS na WHO (cibiyoyi 143, ƙasashe 113).
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin fallasa: Lokacin mura, cunkoson jama'a na cikin gida (makarantu, ofisoshi, sufuri na jama'a), hulɗa da kusa da marasa lafiya, ma'aikatan lafiya. Haɗarin cutar mai tsanani: Shekaru ≥65 ko <5 (musamman <2), juna biyu, cututtuka masu tsayi (ciwon sukari, zuciya, huhu, koda, hanta), raunin garkuwar jiki, kiba mai tsanani (BMI ≥40). Allurar rigakafi tana rage haɗarin cutar mai tsanani 40–60%.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Huhu: Ciwon huhu na asali na kwayar cuta (kwanaki 2–5), ciwon huhu na biyu na ƙwayar cuta (kwanaki 5–10, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus), ƙaruwar COPD/asma. Zuciya: Myocarditis, ƙaruwar gazawar zuciya, bugun zuciya (haɗari 6–10× mako 1 bayan mura). Jijiyoyi: Encephalitis, Guillain-Barré, farfaɗiyar zazzaɓi (yara). Wasu: Myositis, rhabdomyolysis, gazawar koda, Reye syndrome (aspirin + mura ga yara).
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Mafi yawa: Cikakken warwarewa kwanaki 7–14. Gajiya/tari na iya ɗauka makonni 2–4. Mai tsanani: CFR <0.1% baki ɗaya; 2–3% ga waɗanda aka kwantar da su; mafi girma ga >65 da marasa lafiyar ICU. Mutuwar duniya 290,000–650,000/shekara. Alamomin sakamakon da ba shi da kyau: Shekaru >65, cututtuka masu tsayi, raunin garkuwar jiki, juna biyu, kiba mai tsanani, jinkirtar antiviral.
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniKun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.