Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
A'a
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Hadarin ya yi kadan sosai ga matafiya na yau da kullum. Ana danganta shi da hulda da dabbobin gida masu cutar ko cizon sauro yayin barkewar cuta a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara da Yankin Larabawa. Ka guji hulda da jinin dabbobi da namansu kuma ka yi amfani da kariyar sauro yayin barkewar cuta da aka ruwaito.
Zazzabin kwarin Rift (Rift Valley fever/RVF) cuta ce da kwayar cutar RVF virus ke haifarwa. Tana yaduwa ta hanyar sauro da taɓa dabbobi masu cutar.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabi | 90% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 75% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 70% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon baya | 50% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon gaɓoɓi | 35% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Kumburin hanta | 3% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Shanƙe | 2% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 50% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 40% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙananan ɗigon jini | 1.5% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Amai | 30% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jinin dausayi | 1% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Najasa mai jini | 0.8% | Mai tsanani | Kololuwar cuta |
| Duhun fata | 1% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Jiri | 30% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jini | 1.5% | Hadari | Kololuwar cuta |
| Duhu a gani | 2% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Taurin wuya | 0.7% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ciwon kai mai tsanani | 0.8% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Canjin hankali | 0.25% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rikicewa | 0.6% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ciwon ido | 1.5% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rashin jure haske | 1.5% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Farfaɗiya | 0.3% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Gajiya | 70% | Dan kadan | Kowane lokaci |
Zazzaɓin Kwarin Rift (RVF) cuta ce ta zoonotic ta kwayar cuta da kwayar cutar RVF (Phlebovirus, dangin Phenuiviridae) ke haifarwa. Yaɗuwa ta hanyar sauro irin Aedes da Culex da kuma taɓa naman dabbobi masu cutar. 8–10% suna samun matsaloli masu tsanani (cutar ido, meningoencephalitis, zazzaɓin zubar jini). CFR baki ɗaya <1%, nau'in zubar jini ~50%.
Zazzabin kwarin Rift (Rift Valley Fever, RVF) kwayar cutar RVFV (Phlebovirus, Bunyavirales) ce ke haifarwa. Cutar na dabbobi ce da ke iya yaduwa zuwa mutane (zoonosis). Yaduwa: cizon sauro da kuma hulda kai tsaye da jinin ko ruwan jikin dabbobin da suka kamu (shanu, tumaki, awaki). Ba ta yaduwa kai tsaye daga mutum zuwa mutum ba. A Yammacin Afirka da Najeriya: an samu rahotannin yaduwar cutar a wasu lokutan, musamman bayan ambaliyar ruwa. A Gabashin Afirka (Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia) da kuma yankin Larabawa (Saudi Arabia/Yemen 2000 — babbar barkewar cutar a wajen Afirka, fiye da shari'o'i 800 na mutane), cutar ta fi yaduwa. Sauyin yanayi da ciniki na dabbobi na iya kara yaduwar cutar zuwa sababbin wurare. Cutar mai tsanani: zubar jini (haemorrhagic — mutuwa ~50%), cutar idanu (makanta a kashi 50%), cutar kwakwalwa.
Alamomin zubar jini (mafi girman gaggawa): Amai jini, kashin baki/mai jini, rawaya (babbar lalacewar hanta), zubar jini daga hakori/hanci. Alamomin jijiyoyi: Ruɗewa, farfaɗiya, taurin wuya. Alamomin ido: Rashin gani na kwatsam, makonni 1–3 bayan zazzaɓi. Musamman abin damuwa ga mutanen da suka taɓa dabbobi marasa lafiya/matattun dabbobi ko bayan ruwan sama mai yawa a yankunan cutar.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Yawancin mutane (kashi 50-80%): zazzabi maras tsanani da ke warkewa da kanta cikin kwanaki kadan. Cutar mai tsanani (kashi 8-10%): (1) Nau'in zubar jini (haemorrhagic): rawaya (jaundice), zubar jini daga baki/hanci/fata, gazawar hanta, DIC — mutuwa kashi ~50%. (2) Cutar idanu (ocular): kumburi na retina (retinitis) — rasa gani a ido daya ko biyu a cikin kashi 50% na masu cutar ido. (3) Cutar kwakwalwa (meningoencephalitis): ciwon kai, rashin tunani.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Cizon sauro ko taɓa dabba → Shiryawa kwanaki 2–6 → Zazzaɓin gaggawa: Zazzaɓi na kwatsam, biphasic, ciwon tsokoki; kwanaki 4–7, ~90% suna warwarewa. Nau'in zubar jini (kwanaki 2–4): Rawaya, zubar jini mai ci gaba, DIC → mutuwa kwanaki 3–6. Nau'in ido (makonni 1–3): Fara da jinkiri, raunin retina. Nau'in encephalitis (makonni 1–4): Ruɗewa, farfaɗiya, coma.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
RT-PCR — mafi kyawun gwajin gaggawa (rana 1–7). IgM-ELISA — daga rana 4–5; yana ɗauka watanni 2–3. IgG-ELISA — ƙaruwar ninka 4 tana tabbatarwa. Keɓe kwayar cuta: BSL-3/4 yana buƙata. Bambanci: Malaria, dengue, CCHF, Ebola, zazzaɓin rawaya, leptospirosis. Gwajin dakin gwaje: Transaminases masu girma sosai (AST/ALT >1,000 a yanayi mai tsanani), thrombocytopenia.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Babu maganin antiviral da aka yarda da shi. Sauƙi: Hutawa, ruwan sha, paracetamol (guji aspirin/NSAID). Zazzaɓin zubar jini: ICU, ruwan jijiya mai ƙarfi, kayan jini ga DIC, dialysis ga AKI. Meningoencephalitis: Kulawa na jijiyoyi mai tallafawa, kula farfaɗiya. Ido: Kulawa na likitan ido. Na gwaji: Ribavirin (yana aiki a cikin gwaji), favipiravir (kafin asibiti).
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Babu allurar rigakafi ga mutane. Kariyar sauro: DEET 20–30%, tufafin permethrin, gidan sauro na gado. Kariyar dabba: Safar hannu, abin rufe fuska, kariyar ido lokacin kula dabbobi (yanka, haihuwa), guji kayan da suka lalace, babu madarar da ba a dafa ba. Matakin dabbobi: Allurar rigakafi ga dabbobi kafin lokacin damina. Tsarin gargaɗi na wuri: Kulawa na tauraron dan adam ga ruwan sama/ENSO na iya hango annoba watanni 2–4 a gaba.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Cutar tana ci gaba: Gabashin Afirka (Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia), Kudancin Afirka, Yammacin Afirka, Masar, Yankin Larabawa. Haɗari musamman lokacin annoba da kuma ga aikin dabbobi. Kafin tafiya: Duba WHO/CDC ga annoba, ɗauka maganin korar sauro. Lokacin tafiya: Kariyar sauro, guji dabbobi, babu madarar da ba a dafa ba. Bayan dawowa: Nemi likita da zazzaɓi cikin kwanaki 2–14; ba da labarin matsalolin ido makonni bayan zazzaɓi.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
An rubuta a ƙasashe >30 na Afirka. Karo na farko a Yankin Larabawa 2000 (Saudi Arabiya, Yemen). Manyan annoba: Masar 1977–78 (~cututtuka 200,000), Gabashin Afirka 1997–98 (~cututtuka 89,000), Kenya/Tanzania/Somalia 2006–07 (cututtuka 1,062, mutuwa 394). Yaɗuwa: Aedes (transovariell) da Culex. Annoba kowane shekaru 5–20, suna da alaƙa da yanayin ENSO.
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Haɗarin annoba: Ruwan sama mai yawa/ambaliya (mafi muhimmancin dalili), yanayin El Nino, yawan dabbobin gida, kusancin da garken. Haɗarin mutum: Aikin dabbobi (makiyaya, masu yanka, likitocin dabbobi), taɓa dabbobi ba tare da PPE ba, sauro a yankunan ambaliya, shan madarar da ba a dafa ba.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Zubar jini: Babbar lalacewar hanta (transaminases >10,000 U/L), DIC, zubar jini na GI, gazawar gaɓoɓi da yawa; CFR ~50%. Ido: Vasculitis na retina, kumburin macula, cirewa na retina; rashin gani na dindindin 1–10%. Jijiyoyi: Meningoencephalitis da farfaɗiya, coma; CFR 5–10%. Wasu: Cutar hanta mai tsayi, gajiyar bayan kamuwa. Nau'oi da suka haɗu: mutuwa 70–80%.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Sauƙi: Kyakkyawan hasashe, yana warwarewa kansa kwanaki 4–7. Cutar ido: 1–10% tare da rashin gani na dindindin. Meningoencephalitis: CFR 5–10%; matsalolin jijiyoyi sun saba. Zazzaɓin zubar jini: CFR ~50%, mutuwa kwanaki 3–6 bayan fara zubar jini; lalacewar hanta ita ce babbar sanadin mutuwa. >90% na dukan waɗanda suka tsira suna warwarewa gaba ɗaya.
Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniKun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.