Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Wannan shafin yana aiwatar da ayyuka na asali kuma bai shirya don amfanin marasa lafiya ba tukuna.
Don bayani kawai — ba shawarar likita ba ne
Sami jagoran allurar rigakafi kyauta da shawarwarin asibitoci — kai tsaye zuwa imel ɗinka.
Yaya tsananinsa?
Haɗarin mutuwa
Eh
Allurar rigakafi tana nan?
Lokacin zuwa alamomi
Ƙasashen da abin ya shafa
Annobar da ke gudana
Hadarin ga matafiya na yau da kullum yana da kadan sosai. Ebola tana yaduwa ta hanyar hulda kai tsaye da ruwaye na jikin mutumin da ya kamu. Ka guji hulda da marasa lafiya da naman daji. Barkewar cuta tana a wuri daya — ka kula da fadakarwar WHO/CDC. Allurar rigakafi tana samuwa ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a yankunan barkewar cuta.
Ebola cuta ce mai tsananin haɗari da kwayar cutar Ebola virus ke haifarwa. Tana haifar da zazzabi mai zubar jini kuma kashi 25-90% na masu cutar na mutuwa.
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gajiya | 76% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zazzabi | 87% | Matsakaici | Farkon cuta |
| Sanyi | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 53% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 70% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 49% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon maƙogwaro | 44% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon gaɓoɓi | 39% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zawo | 66% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Amai | 68% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 44% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Jan ido | 30% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 55% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Ƙurji | 25% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
| Saurin bugun zuciya | 30% | Matsakaici | Kololuwar cuta |
| Zubar jinin dausayi | 12% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Najasa mai jini | 6% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Zubar jini | 18% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Shakuwa | 15% | Dan kadan | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Raguwar matsin jini | 15% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Ƙananan ɗigon jini | 15% | Matsakaici | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Girgiza | 20% | Hadari | Ƙarshen cuta |
| Rikicewa | 15% | Mai tsanani | Ƙarshen cuta |
Cutar Ebola (tsohuwar suna: Ebola hemorrhagic fever) cuta ce mai tsanani da ke kashe mutum da yawa, da ƙwayar cutar Ebola (dangin Filoviridae) ke haddasa ta. CFR matsakaicin 50% (tsawon 25–90% dangane da nau'in da barkewar cutar). Cutar tana yaɗuwa ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye da jini, ruwan jiki, ko gaɓoɓin masu cutar. Barkewar cutar tana faruwa a Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka. Babbar annoba ta 2014–2016 a Yammacin Afirka: >28,000 shari'o'i, >11,000 mutuwa.
Cutar Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease, EVD) kwayar cutar Ebola virus (Filoviridae) ce ke haifarwa. Cutar tana kashewa a matsakaicin kashi 50% (ya kai 90% a wasu barkewar cutar). Ita cutar zubar jini ce mai tsanani (viral haemorrhagic fever). Babbar barkewar cutar a tarihi: 2014-2016 a Yammacin Afirka (Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia — fiye da shari'o'i 28,000 da mutuwa 11,000). Najeriya ta yi nasarar dakile barkewar cutar a 2014: an samu shari'o'i 20 kawai da mutuwa 8 — saboda saurin gano cutar da keɓe masu cutar (contact tracing). NCDC ta samu yabo daga WHO saboda wannan nasarar. Cutar tana yaduwa ta hanyar hulda ta kai tsaye da jinin ko ruwan jikin mutum ko dabbar da ta kamu — BA ta yaduwa ta iska ba. Allurar rigakafi: Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) da Zabdeno/Mvabea — an amince da su. A halin yanzu: cutar Ebola tana barke-barke ne a Kongo da sauran kasashen Afirka ta tsakiya. Matafiya zuwa Yammacin Afirka: hadari kadan amma ya kamata a san alamomi.
GAGGAWA: zazzabi + zubar jini (daga ko'ina — baki, hanci, fata) + tafiya daga Afirka → GAGGAWA TA GASKE. A sanar da asibiti KAFIN zuwa — don a shirya keɓancewa. Kada a taba jinin ko ruwan jikin mai cutar ba tare da PPE ba.
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Lokacin kwantar da cuta: kwanaki 2-21 (matsakaici kwanaki 8-10). Alamomin farko: zazzabi kwatsam, gajiya mai tsanani, ciwon tsoka, ciwon kai, ciwon makogwaro. Bayan kwanaki 5-7: amai, gudawa, kurji. Zubar jini (kwanaki 7-10): zubar jini daga baki, hanci, idanu, fata, da cikin gida (internal bleeding). Gazawar gabobin jiki da dama (multi-organ failure). Mutuwa tana faruwa ne cikin kwanaki 7-14 bayan bayyanar alamomi a kusan rabin masu cutar.
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Matakan cutar Ebola:
Yaɗuwa: Ba mai yaɗuwa ba a lokacin ɓoye cuta. Ikon yaɗuwa yana ƙaruwa tare da ci gaban cuta. Ruwan jikin mamaci mai haɗarin yaɗuwa ne ƙwarai.
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
RT-PCR a jini — mafi daidai bayan bayyanar alamomi. Gwajin RDT na Ebola (OraQuick) — yana ba da sakamako cikin mintuna 15-30 wajen bincike a filin. IgM/IgG ELISA. MUHIMMI: gwajin Ebola DOLE a yi shi ne a dakin gwaje-gwaje na musamman (BSL-4) ko na filin da aka shirya — saboda kwayar cutar tana da hadari sosai.
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Magunguna biyu da FDA ta amince: Inmazeb (atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab) da Ebanga (ansuvimab) — jerin antibodies ne da ke rage mutuwa zuwa kashi 34% (daga 49%). An fara amfani da su a barkewar Kongo 2018-2020. Magani na tallafawa: ba da ruwa ta jijiya (IV fluids), maganin daidaita electrolytes, jini (blood transfusion), maganin zazzabi. ICU ga masu cutar da ta yi tsanani.
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Allurar rigakafi: Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) — allura guda daya, tana da tasiri kashi 97%+ ga Zaire ebolavirus; an yi amfani da ita wajen 'ring vaccination' a Kongo. Zabdeno/Mvabea — jerin allurai 2. Ba a ba da allurar ga jama'a baki daya ba — ana ba da ita ne ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da mutanen da suka yi hulda da mai cutar. Guje wa hulda da jinin ko ruwan jikin mutum mai cutar. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya: PPE (personal protective equipment) cikakke. Kawar da gawarwaki cikin tsaro. Bin sawun huldar mutane (contact tracing) — Najeriya ta yi nasarar amfani da wannan a 2014.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Matafiya zuwa Yammacin Afirka: hadarin Ebola yana da kadan a halin yanzu amma ya kamata a san alamomin cutar. Guje wa hulda da mutanen masu cutar ko jikinsu. Guje wa cin naman daji (bushmeat). Idan ka ji zazzabi mai tsanani cikin kwanaki 21 bayan dawowa — FADA wa likita cewa ka je Afirka kuma ana shakkar Ebola.
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Najeriya 2014: shari'o'i 20, mutuwa 8 — an dakile shi cikin gaggawa. Yammacin Afirka 2014-2016: >28,000 shari'o'i, >11,000 mutuwa (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone). Kongo: barkewar cutar akai-akai (2018-2020: >3,400 shari'o'i; 2021-2024: kananan barkewar cutar da aka dakile). Uganda 2022: Sudan ebolavirus (ba allurar rigakafi).
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Hulɗa kai tsaye da masu cutar ko gawawwakinsu (hanyar yaɗuwa ta farko), ma'aikatan lafiya ba tare da PPE ba, al'adun binne gawawwaki (wanke jikin matacce), hulɗa da dabbobin daji/jemagu/bushmeat, zama a yankunan da annoba ke gudana, 'yan gidan mai cutar.
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Gazawar gaɓoɓi da yawa (multi-organ failure). Zubar jini mai tsanani (DIC). Shock. Mutuwa 25-90% ya danganta da nau'in kwayar cutar da ingancin kula.
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
Cutar ƙwayar cutar Ebola (Zaire ebolavirus):
Matsakaicin CFR: 50% (tsakanin 25–90% ya danganta da barkewar cutar da samuwar kulawar lafiya).
Tare da kulawar tallafi (ruwan jijiya, daidaita electrolyte): CFR 30–40%.
Tare da ci gaban kulawa (ICU, maye gurbin aikin ƙoda): CFR ƙasa da 20% a barkewar cutar kwanan nan.
Maganin ƙwayoyin rigakafi na musamman (mAb114/Inmazeb, REGN-EB3): ya rage CFR zuwa 6–11% a gwajin PALM.
Alamomin hasashen warkarwa: Yawan ƙwayoyin cuta mai girma (fiye da 10⁸ copies/mL), ƙaruwar creatinine, AST fiye da 1,000, shekaru fiye da 40, alamomin zubar da jini suna nuna mummunan sakamako.
Warkarwa: Waɗanda suka tsira na iya fuskantar cutar bayan Ebola (ciwon gaɓoɓi, gajiya, ciwon kai, matsalolin gani/ji) na watanni zuwa shekaru. Ƙwayar cuta na iya ci gaba a wuraren da rigakafi ba ya isa (ido, gwaiwa, tsarin jijiyoyi).
Ana iya hana wannan cuta ta hanyar allurar rigakafi. Kariya mai inganci tana samuwa.
Yi magana da ƙwararren lafiyar tafiya game da jadawalin da aka ba da shawarar kafin tafiyar ku.
Nemo asibitin allurar rigakafi →Abun ciki a wannan shafin don bayani da ilimi ne kawai. Ba ya zama shawarar likita, gano cuta, ko shawarwarin magani ba. Idan kuna da damuwar lafiya, tuntuɓi ƙwararren ma’aikacin lafiya. Medova ba mai ba da sabis na likitanci ba ne.
Cikakkun sharuɗɗan amfaniRarraba yanki da annobar da ke gudana
| Tuta | Ƙasa | Matakin haɗari |
|---|---|---|
 | Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyan Kongo | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Gine | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Saliyo | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Uganda | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Laberiya | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Kongo | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Sudan ta Kudu | Haɗari mai girma |
 | Mali | Matsakaicin haɗari |
 | Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya | Matsakaicin haɗari |
 | Kamaru | Matsakaicin haɗari |
Kun san allurar rigakafin da kuke bukata? Da kyau. Ba ku sani ba? Ku gaya mana inda kuke tafiya — za mu nemo allurar da ta dace da asibiti. Kyauta, ba tare da wani hakki ba.