Bayanin gabaɗaya
Zika cuta ce da kwayar cutar Zika virus ke haifarwa, sauro Aedes ke yaɗa ta. Mafi haɗari ga mata masu juna biyu saboda tana iya shafar ci gaban kwakwalwar jariri.
Alamomi
Alamomi | Yawan faruwa | Tsanani | Farawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ciwon gaɓoɓi | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Jan ido | 55% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zazzabi | 65% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ƙurji na maculopapular | 90% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Gajiya | 60% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon kai | 45% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ƙaiƙayi | 40% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin jin daɗi | 50% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon tsoka | 48% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwo a bayan ido | 35% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Tashin zuciya | 20% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Kumburin ƙwayoyin lymph | 15% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Ciwon ciki | 7% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Zawo | 8% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Jiri | 10% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Rashin son ci | 15% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Amai | 10% | Dan kadan | Farkon cuta |
| Kumburin jiki | 5% | Dan kadan | Kololuwar cuta |
Hanyoyin yaduwa
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Cutar Zika cuta ce ta ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar cutar Zika (dangin Flaviviridae) ke haddasa ta, wadda sauro irin Aedes (musamman A. aegypti) ke yaɗa ta. Cutar yawanci tana da sauƙi a cikin manya amma tana da mummunan tasiri lokacin ciki — tana haifar da microcephaly da sauran lahani na ƙwaƙwalwa a jarirai (Congenital Zika Syndrome). Har ila yau tana da alaƙa da Guillain-Barre syndrome a cikin manya. An ayyana ta a matsayin PHEIC a 2016.
Bayanin gabaɗaya
Kwayar cutar Zika (Flaviviridae) ana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro Aedes (Ae. aegypti da Ae. albopictus) da ma ta hanyar jima'i da kuma daga uwa zuwa jariri a ciki. Babban hadari: lahani na kwakwalwa (microcephaly — kananan kai) a jarirai idan uwa ta kamu a lokacin ciki. Annobar 2015-2016 a Brazil ce ta fallasa wannan hadarin. A Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka: an samu shaidu na yaduwar cutar amma ba a mataki na annoba ba. Babu allurar rigakafi. Mata masu juna biyu su fi kula.
Alamomin gaggawa
GAGGAWA: mace mai ciki + kurji/zazzabi → gwajin Zika NAN DA NAN. Rashin karfi mai tashi daga kasa zuwa sama (Guillain-Barré) → je asibiti nan da nan.
Cikakkun alamomi
Alamomi da alamu mafi yawa
Kurji mai kaikayi + zazzabi kadan ko babu + jajayen idanu (conjunctivitis) + ciwon gabbai. Kashi 80% ba sa nuna alamomi ko kadan. Guillain-Barré syndrome (shanye jiki mai tashi daga kafa zuwa sama) yana faruwa a wasu lokutan (~0.24/1,000).
Sanin alamomi shine mataki na farko don amsa cikin sauri.
Tafiyar cuta
Matakan cutar Zika:
- Lokacin ɓoye cuta: Kwanaki 3–14 bayan cizon sauro (ko yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i).
- Rashin lafiya mai alamomi (kwanaki 2–7, a cikin 20–25% kawai na kamuwa): Ɗan zazzaɓi, kuraje masu ƙaiƙayi (galibi sun fi bayyana), ciwon gaɓoɓi (musamman ƙananan gaɓoɓin hannu da ƙafa), kumburin ido mara ruwan sanyi. Ciwon kai, ciwon tsokoki.
- Warkarwa: Alamomi suna ɓacewa da kansu cikin mako 1. An kawar da ƙwayar cuta daga jini cikin makonni 1–2 amma na iya ci gaba a cikin maniyyin maza har zuwa watanni 6.
Bambance-bambance da dengue: Zika na da ɗan zazzaɓi, kuraje da kumburin ido sun fi bayyana, kuma ba kasafai ya haifar da mummunar raguwar ƙwayoyin jini ko zubar da jini ba. Babban haɗari shine cutar Zika ta haihuwa, ba tsananin cutar ba.
Lokacin yaɗuwa ta hanyar jima'i: Maza ya kamata su yi amfani da kwaroron roba ko su guji jima'i na watanni 3 bayan kamuwa/tafiya zuwa yankunan da cutar ta yaɗu. Mata: watanni 2.
Binciken cuta
Yadda ake gano wannan cutar
RT-PCR a cikin kwanaki 7 na farko (jini ko fitsari). IgM ELISA — yana iya cakudawa da sauran Flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever). PRNT don tabbatarwa.
Magani
Hanyoyin magani da ake da su
Babu maganin da ya kebanta da cutar. Magani na tallafawa: paracetamol, hutawa, sha ruwa. KADA a yi amfani da aspirin ko NSAIDs har sai an cire shakkar dengue (saboda hadarin zubar jini).
Yawancin lokuta ana magance su yadda ya kamata tare da gano cutar da wuri.
Cikakkun bayanin rigakafi
Yadda za ka kare kanka
Babu allurar rigakafi. Kariya daga cizon sauro na Aedes (da rana musamman — Aedes yana cizo da rana): DEET, tufafi masu rufe jiki, gidan sauro. Amfani da kwaroron roba (condom) tsawon watanni 3+ bayan kamuwa (maza). Mata masu juna biyu: a guje wa tafiya zuwa yankunan da cutar ke yaduwa.
Shirye-shirye shine mafi kyawun kariya.
Shawarar tafiya
Mata masu juna biyu: KADA ku tafi yankin da cutar Zika ke yaduwa. Maza da suka dawo daga yankin Zika: a yi amfani da condom tsawon watanni 3 don kare abokin aure. A yi amfani da maganin korar kwari (DEET) da rana.
Yaya yawancinta?
Ƙididdiga da bayanan yanki
Zika ta bazu a Latin Amurka da Caribbean a 2015-2016. Har yanzu tana yaduwa a wasu sassan Asiya da Afirka. Babu allurar rigakafi.
Dalilan haɗari
Wanene ke cikin haɗarin mafi girma
Zama/tafiya zuwa yankunan da sauron Aedes ke yaɗuwa, ciki (mafi haɗarin mummunan sakamako — microcephaly), rashin amfani da kariya daga sauro, hulɗar jima'i da abokin da ya kamu/ya dawo daga yankin da cutar ke yaɗuwa.
Cikakkun bayanan matsaloli
Rikitarwa da za ta iya faruwa
Microcephaly da sauran naƙasun haihuwa a jarirai. Guillain-Barré syndrome. Naƙasun kwakwalwa a jarirai da aka haifa tare da cutar.
Murmurewa da hasashe
Sakamakon da ake tsammani da murmurewa
A cikin manya da ba su da ciki: Kyakkyawan hasashen warkarwa. Cutar tana warke da kanta cikin kwanaki 2–7. CFR ƙasa da kashi ƙwarai (ƙasa da 0.01%).
A cikin mata masu ciki: MUMMUNAN sakamako ga tayin.
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Cutar Zika ta haihuwa: ƙanƙantar kai (microcephaly), tabo na calcium a ƙwaƙwalwa, matsalolin ido, taurin gaɓoɓi (arthrogryposis), ƙarancin girma.
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Haɗarin matsalolin haihuwa: 5–15% na kamuwa a farkon watanni uku na ciki (wasu ƙididdiga sun fi haka).
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Kamuwa a farkon watanni uku na ciki na da mafi girman haɗari.
Cutar Guillain-Barré (GBS): 2–3 a cikin kowane 10,000 kamuwa. Yawanci tana warke da kanta amma na iya buƙatar kulawar ICU.
Na dogon lokaci: Babu kamuwa na dindindin. Rigakafin bayan kamuwa ya yi kama da na dindindin.
