Travel Vaccines

Adenovirus Type 4 and 7

Anthrax

BCG (Tuberculosis)

Chikungunya Vaccine

Live attenuated single-dose chikungunya vaccine (Ixchiq, VLA1553) developed by Valneva. Based on an infectious clone of the La Réunion strain (LR2006-OPY1) with a deletion in the nsP3 gene that attenuates replication while preserving immunogenicity. First chikungunya vaccine approved by FDA (November 2023). EMA approval followed in June 2024.

Cholera

COVID-19

Dengue

Diphtheria

Ebola (rVSV-ZEBOV)

Live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine, marketed as Ervebo (Merck). Attenuated VSV backbone expressing the Zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein. First vaccine approved against Ebola virus disease (EVD). FDA approved December 2019, EMA-approved November 2019. Used extensively during 2018–2020 DRC Kivu outbreak and subsequent outbreaks under ring vaccination strategy.

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Hepatitis A

Liver infection caused by hepatitis A virus, transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Hepatitis A+B Combined

Combined vaccine protecting against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B infections.

Hepatitis B

Serious liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus, transmitted through blood and bodily fluids.

Herpes Simplex (HSV)

HPV Vaccine

Recombinant HPV L1 VLP (virus-like particle) vaccine. Gardasil 9 (9-valent: types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) is the current global standard. Cervarix (bivalent: types 16, 18) still used in some national programs. Prevents ~90% of cervical cancers and significant proportions of other HPV-related cancers (anal, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, vulvar) and genital warts (types 6, 11).

Influenza

Japanese Encephalitis

Leptospirosis

Lyme Disease

Malaria

Measles

Meningococcal

Meningococcal B

Recombinant protein-based vaccines targeting Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Two licensed products: Bexsero (4CMenB — GSK, 4-component: fHbp, NadA, NHBA, OMV) and Trumenba (MenB-FHbp — Pfizer, bivalent fHbp). Serogroup B is the leading cause of meningococcal disease in Europe, Australia, and parts of the Americas. Unlike polysaccharide-based MenACWY vaccines, MenB vaccines use recombinant surface proteins due to poor immunogenicity of serogroup B capsular polysaccharide.

MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

Combined vaccine protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Mpox Vaccine

Non-replicating Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN) vaccine, marketed as Jynneos (US), Imvanex (EU), or Imvamune (Canada). Third-generation smallpox vaccine that cannot replicate in human cells, making it safe for immunocompromised individuals. Licensed for prevention of both smallpox and mpox (monkeypox). WHO declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in August 2024 (Clade Ib, DRC/East Africa).

Mumps

Oral Polio Vaccine

Live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine based on Sabin strains. Currently available as bivalent OPV (bOPV — types 1 and 3, after global withdrawal of type 2 in April 2016) and novel OPV type 2 (nOPV2) for outbreak response. Induces strong mucosal (intestinal) immunity that interrupts person-to-person transmission — critical advantage for polio eradication. Trivalent OPV (tOPV) has been globally withdrawn.

Plague

Pneumococcal (PCV13)

Protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria causing pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections.

Pneumococcal (PPSV23)

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing purified capsular polysaccharides from 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumovax 23, Merck). Covers serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, 33F. Unlike conjugate vaccines (PCV13/15/20), PPSV23 does NOT induce immunological memory or reduce nasopharyngeal carriage. Being gradually replaced by broader conjugate vaccines (PCV20) in adult schedules.

Polio (IPV)

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine preventing poliomyelitis.

Q Fever

Whole-cell inactivated Coxiella burnetii (Henzerling strain, Phase I) vaccine, marketed as Q-Vax (CSL Seqirus). The only licensed Q fever vaccine globally, approved in Australia since 1989. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Transmitted by inhalation of contaminated aerosols from livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) or ticks. Highly relevant for travelers to agricultural/pastoral regions.

Rabies

Deadly viral disease transmitted through animal bites, primarily from dogs, bats, and wildlife.

Rotavirus

Prevents severe diarrhea and vomiting caused by rotavirus infection in infants and young children.

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines for adults ≥60 years. Three products: Arexvy (GSK, adjuvanted recombinant RSVPreF3), Abrysvo (Pfizer, bivalent RSVpreF — also approved for maternal immunization in pregnancy), and mRESVIA (Moderna, mRNA-based RSV vaccine). RSV is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and a major cause of hospitalization/death in elderly adults (>60,000 US hospitalizations/year in ≥65y).

Rubella

Live attenuated rubella vaccine based on RA 27/3 strain grown in human diploid cells (WI-38 or MRC-5). Primarily administered as part of MMR or MMRV combinations. Standalone rubella vaccine is available in some countries for targeted catch-up campaigns, particularly to protect women of childbearing age against congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS causes deafness, heart defects, cataracts, and intellectual disability when infection occurs in first trimester.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Prevents shingles and postherpetic neuralgia, a painful complication of shingles.

Smallpox

Two vaccine generations: ACAM2000 (Emergent BioSolutions, 2nd-generation replicating vaccinia) and Jynneos/Imvanex (Bavarian Nordic, 3rd-generation non-replicating MVA-BN — also licensed for mpox). Smallpox (variola major/minor) was eradicated globally by 1980 through WHO's mass vaccination campaign. Vaccination now limited to biodefense, laboratory workers, and dual-use mpox protection. ACAM2000 replicates in skin (produces vaccination "take"), while Jynneos does not and is safer for immunocomp

Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria)

Combined tetanus toxoid and reduced-dose diphtheria toxoid vaccine for adults and children ≥7 years. Contains ≥2 Lf diphtheria toxoid (reduced from pediatric DT/DTaP) and ≥5 Lf tetanus toxoid, adsorbed on aluminum adjuvant. Used for primary series completion and booster doses when pertussis component is not needed or available. Generic products: Td-pur (GSK), Td Vaccine Adsorbed (various), TENIVAC (Sanofi — US, discontinued).

Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)

Booster vaccine for adolescents and adults against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis.

Tick-borne Encephalitis

Inactivated whole-virus TBE vaccine. Two products: FSME-Immun/TicoVac (Pfizer, Neudörfl strain) and Encepur (Bavarian Nordic, K23 strain). Protects against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Ixodes ricinus (Europe) and I. persulcatus (Asia) ticks. TBE is the most important tick-borne viral disease in Europe with ~12,000 cases annually. Vaccination is the most reliable prevention — Austria's national program reduced TBE incidence by >80%.

Typhoid

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Highly contagious viral infection causing itchy rash and blisters.

Whooping Cough

Yellow Fever Vaccine

Yellow fever vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine prepared from the 17D-204 strain of yellow fever virus. The vaccine is cultured in pathogen-free chicken embryos, lyophilized (freeze-dried), and reconstituted with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution immediately before administration. After reconstitution, the vaccine appears as a slight pink-brown suspension. As a live vaccine, it stimulates both humoral (antibody) and cellular (T-cell) immune responses, providing robust and durable protectio

Zika

No Zika vaccine is currently licensed for use. Multiple candidates are in clinical development: DNA vaccine (VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, NIAID — Phase 2 completed), mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1893, Moderna — Phase 2 completed), purified inactivated virus (ZPIV, WRAIR/Sanofi — Phase 1), and purified inactivated (TAK-426/PIZV, Takeda/WRAIR — Phase 1). Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes, also sexually transmissible. Major concern: congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in